臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

江豚屬於鼠海豚科 (Phocoenidae) 中的新鼠海豚屬 (Neophocaena)，分布於印度洋至西太平洋沿近岸之淺水域。臺灣海峽分布有窄脊江豚 (N. asiaeorientalis) 和寬脊江豚 (N. phocaenoides)，此兩物種於海峽西側共域，東側則以寬脊江豚為主。為瞭解此兩種共域江豚可能的食性區隔，本研究分析其大多為食餌魚類耳石及頭足類嘴喙之胃內含物組成，進行不同來源、季節、地點、發育階段及種間之比較，並計算江豚體型與食餌耳石及嘴喙大小之迴歸關係。本研究自26個窄脊江豚胃袋中檢視出2603顆耳石及720個嘴喙，並由13個寬脊江豚胃袋中檢視出430顆耳石及523個嘴喙。窄脊江豚主要食餌組成為鯷科稜鯷屬 (佔全部食餌數量之25.0%) 、石首魚科叫姑魚屬 (18.4%) 及槍魷科 (15.0%)；寬脊江豚則為武裝魷科鈎腕魷屬 (37.8%)、槍魷科 (12.1%) 及章魚科章魚屬 (6.6%)。多變值解析顯示兩種江豚食性組成與不同來源、季節及發育階段無關，食性組成具有差異的則是海峽東側及西側的寬脊江豚，以及在海峽西側共域之兩種江豚。此外，本研究發現較大體型之窄脊江豚所攝食之叫姑魚及槍魷的體型也較大。

Finless porpoises (Genus Neophocaena of the Phocoenidae) distribute in the shallow waters along coasts of the Indian Ocean to West Pacific Ocean. The narrow-ridged (N. asiaeorientalis) and wide-ridged finless porpoise (N. phocaenoides) are found in the Taiwan Strait, where both species sympatrically exist in the western site and the wide-ridged ones dominates the eastern site. To elucidate potential partitioning in feeding habits of the two sympatric finless porpoises their stomach contents, mostly prey fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks, were examined and compared by sources, seasons, sites, ontogenetic stages and species. The size relationships between finless porpoises and the prey otoliths and beaks were also regressed. A total of 2603 otoliths and 720 beaks were examined from 26 stomach samples of N. asiaeorientalis, 430 otoliths and 523 beaks were from 13 stomach samples of N. phocaenoides. Dominant prey components belonged to the Engraulidae (Thryssa, 25.0% in percentage of diet abundance), Sciaenidae (Johnius, 18.4%) and Loliginidae (15.0%) for N. asiaeorientalis, whereas were Enoploteuthidae (Abralia, 37.8%), Loliginidae (12.1%) and Octopodidae (Octopus, 6.6%) for N. phocaenoides. Multivariate analyses indicated that the stomach contents were independent of sources, seasons and ontogenetic stages for both species but varied between western and eastern sites for N. phocaenoides and between the two species sympatrically in the western Taiwan Strait. In addition, larger N. asiaeorientalis were found feeding on larger Johnius and loliginid preys.

謝誌 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
表目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
壹、前言 1
一、江豚分類與分布 1
二、臺灣海峽江豚之分布 1
三、食性研究方法 3
四、江豚之食性研究回顧 3
五、研究目的 5
貳、材料與方法 7
一、樣本來源與處理 7
二、食餌鑑定與量測 7
三、胃內含物組成分析 8
(一) 食餌組成計算 8
(二) 食餌組成多樣性 9
(三) 食餌組成之多變值解析 9
(四) 江豚與食餌之體型關係 10
參、結果 11
一、江豚樣本體型組成 11
二、江豚之食餌組成 12
三、江豚於海峽兩側之食性組成 13
四、江豚各因子優勢食餌組成 14
(一) 種間分析 14
(二) 樣本來源間分析 15
(三) 季節間分析 15
(四) 地理分布間分析 16
(五) 發育階段間分析 16
五、江豚食餌組成之多變值解析 17
(一) 樣本來源間分析 17
(二) 季節間分析 17
(三) 地理分布間分析 18
(四) 發育階段間分析 18
(五) 種間分析 19
六、江豚體型與食餌大小之迴歸分析 20
肆、討論 21
一、江豚於臺灣海峽之分布 21
二、江豚食性與季節及個體發育之關連 21
三、江豚食性與地理因子之關連 23
伍、文獻 25
附錄 76
一、2003~2013 年臺灣海峽之窄脊江豚樣本清單 76
二、2003~2016 年臺灣海峽之寬脊江豚樣本清單 77

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