臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

觀光餐旅產業的發展被許多國家視為經濟成長與企業繁榮的明日之星，而要能發展觀光餐旅業，能夠掌握外語技能對於觀光餐旅從業人員更顯重要。然而，臺灣學生英文程度低落的情形一直是眾所皆知的問題，字彙能力不足乃是關鍵因素之一。國內眾多研究指出技職校院學生擁有的英語字彙能力遠低於課程要求的標準。有鑑於此，本研究旨在探討國內技職校院旅館管理系科開設旅館英文或是餐旅英文必修課教科書之一般性字彙、學術性字彙、專業術語、高頻率字彙以及字彙涵蓋率進行研究。
本研究採用語料庫研究的方法，蒐集了國內技職校院旅館管理系科開設的旅館英文或是餐旅英文教科書共15本，建構一個394,863個字的「旅館英文語料庫」（Hotel English Textbook Corpus, HETC）；再以字彙分析軟體RANGE，按字彙出現頻率（word frequency）、字彙涵蓋率（vocabulary coverage），探討HETC之用字情形，之後再做進一步字彙分析，繼而編製旅館英文字彙表（Hotel English Word List, HEWL）。
本研究的主要發現如下：（1）英國國家語料庫（British National Corpus, BNC）的前2,000個詞族（word family）可以涵蓋HETC中88.22%的字彙，1,898個詞族、BNC第三個至第14個1,000個詞族的涵蓋HETC中8.87%的字彙，2,859個詞族、HETC中有1.69%為專有名詞，1,411個詞族、0.09%為邊際字彙，8個詞族、0.24%為複合詞，199個詞族、0.1%為飯店相關的簡稱或是縮寫，67個詞族、0.03為專業術語，29個詞族。（2） HETC中有75.85%為1,000個常用字，971個詞族、10.81%為2,000個常用字，802個詞族、2.66%為學術性字彙，433個詞族、10.69%為未能被歸類之字彙。（3）HETC中的高頻率字彙多為BNC前2,000個詞族。前100個高頻率字彙中，僅有四個單字分屬BNC第三個1,000個詞族以及BNC第四個1,000個詞族。（4）約4,000個詞族（含BNC第一個至第四個1,000個詞族、專有名詞、邊際字彙、複合詞、飯店相關業務之簡稱/縮寫以及專業術語）始能達到HETC中95%的字彙涵蓋率，以及約7,000個詞族（含BNC第一個至第七個1,000個詞族、專有名詞、邊際字彙、複合詞、飯店相關業務之簡稱/縮寫以及專業術語）才能達到98%的字彙涵蓋率。（5）旅館英文字彙表（Hotel English Word List, HEWL）設定的字彙量門檻為98%，計有1,251個詞族，約佔Coxhead（2000）學術字彙表（AWL）的16.67%。依據文獻分析，大部分國內技職校院學生並未具備常用2,000個字彙，然而閱讀教科書卻需要至少常用的4,000個字彙。在此一情況下，即使學生已具備專業術語，其字彙能力仍不足以充分理解其專業英文教科書內容。
本研究建議技職校院不但需要加強一般性的常用字彙，同時也須加強學術性字彙，以便閱讀其專業領域之教科書。另外，本研究也建議編製更嚴謹的學科導向專業字彙表。除此之外，本研究亦針對結果提供教學建議以及未來研究方向。

Hospitality and tourism industry has been considered as the index of national economic growth and business prosperity, and hence emphasized the importance of mastery of foreign language skills. However, the low English proficiency of students in Taiwan has been a notorious problem, and the lack of vocabulary knowledge is one of the key factors. Many studies have stated that the level of vocabulary knowledge possessed by students in vocational universities is much lower than the standard of English vocabulary required by the textbooks. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the general words, academic words, technical words, high frequency words, and lexical coverage of vocational university Hotel English/ Hospitality English textbooks.
This corpus-driven lexical study compiled a 394,863-word corpus called the Hotel English Textbooks Corpus (hereafter HETC), which contains 15 Hotel English/ Hospitality English textbooks printed in Taiwan or imported from overseas. Word frequency and lexical coverage of the corpus was analyzed applying RANGE. A frequency- and range-based Hotel English Word List (hereafter HEWL) containing the most frequently-used hotel English vocabulary in textbooks was developed from the corpus.
Major findings are summarized as follows: (1) The first and the second 1,000 word families of BNC contains 1,898 word families, accounting for 88.22% of the HETC; the third to the fourteenth 1,000 word families of BNC containing 2,859 word families, 8.87%; proper nouns, 1,411 word families, 1.69%; marginal words, 8 word families, 0.09%; transparent compound nouns, 199 word families, 0.24%; abbreviations relevant to the hotel, 67 word families, 0.1%, and technical words, 29 word families, 0.03%. (2) The HETC contains 1,773 general words, accounting for 86.66% of the corpus; 433 academic words, 2.66%, and 10.69% of HETC are words belonged to “Not in the lists”. (3) The high frequency words of HETC are mostly from the first and the second BNC 1,000 word families; only four of the top 100 words are categorized to BNC3 and BNC4. (4) To reach 95% lexical coverage, 4,000 word families including proper nouns, marginal words, transparent compound nouns, abbreviations relevant to the hotel, and technical words are needed. To reach 98% lexical coverage, 7,000 word families inclusive of proper nouns, marginal words, transparent compound nouns, abbreviations relevant to the hotel, and technical words are required. (5) A HEWL including 1,251 word families was developed from the corpus. HEWL, which accounts for approximately 7.63% of the coverage in the HETC under study, was produced to provide a useful vocabulary pool for non-native English learners who need to read the textbooks in English.
The findings suggest that students of vocational universities should not only build up their vocabulary size about general high frequency words but also develop their academic vocabulary repertoire in order to read their field-specific textbooks. Moreover, the findings suggest that it is necessary to generate field-specific word lists for EFL hotel-major students to strengthen their English reading proficiency. Pedagogical implications are made for EFL instructors, ESP researchers, material designers and students.

謝辭 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目 次 vii
圖目次 ix
表目次 xi
第一章緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 名詞釋義 6
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 專業英文 9
第二節 觀光餐旅業從業人員英語能力 16
第三節 專業英文字彙 24
第四節 語料庫研究 52
第三章 研究方法 67
第一節 研究對象 67
第二節 研究工具 71
第三節 研究程序 75
第四節 資料分析 79
第四章 研究結果與討論 85
第一節 建置臺灣技職校院旅館英文教科書的語料庫 85
第二節 臺灣技職校院旅館英文教科書涵蓋的字彙 93
第三節 臺灣技職校院旅館英文教科書涵蓋的高頻率字彙 105
第四節 依所建置的語料庫推估臺灣技職校院旅館管理系科學生應該具備的字彙量 107
第五章 結論與建議 119
第一節 結論 119
第二節 建議 122
參考文獻 129
附錄 145

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