臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

部分鳥類的鳴叫聲包含了超聲波的頻率，然而鳥類是否可接受到其中高頻的聲音目前仍不清楚。粉紅鸚嘴聯絡叫聲已知具有超聲，野外觀察時個體間會以此種叫聲聯繫並聚集，然而以一般頻率範圍較低的錄放音器材錄製此聲音並播放時，鳥群靠近反應較不明顯，推測其鳴聲中的超聲可能具有特殊意義，因此本研究的目的是以動物行為的觀點，探討粉紅鸚嘴是否能接收到聯絡叫聲中的超聲。實驗採用聲音回播的方式，記錄當粉紅鸚嘴鳥群聽到含有高頻超聲波的原始聲音、僅保留可聽見頻率的非超聲波聲音、以及僅有超聲時的行為反應，此外還有一組控制組不播放聲音。結果發現鳥類可區辨單純超聲波的聲音，且含有超聲波的原始聲音相較僅有可聽見頻率的聲音能吸引到更多的鳥靠近聲源，顯示超聲能影響粉紅鸚嘴聯絡叫聲的完整性，且超聲的影響在個體接近時才具有意義。本實驗為首篇證實鳥類可感知超聲波的研究，為未來鳥類聲學的生理、解剖和行為各方面的研究開啟一個新的方向。

The vocal display of some birds include the ultrasonic frequency. However, it is still not clear if birds can perceive those stimulations. The contact call of vinous-throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana) has the component of ultrasound. When they hear the contact calls from normal speaker, their responses are less obvious than when they hear the sound from real bird. The component of ultrasound seems to be meaningful to the bird. The goal of this study is to figure out whether the vinous-throated parrotbill can perceive the ultrasound of their contact call. We recorded the response of bird when they hear the playback of the contact call of different frequency component. There are three types of the sound in playback and a control group. The playback including regular sound (whole frequency), non-ultrasound, and ultrasound. We found that vinous-throated parrotbill could discriminate ultrasound. More birds got closer to speaker when they heard regular sound. These results indicate that in vinous-throated parrotbill, the ultrasonic component of contact call seems to contain some information, which facilitate their short distance communication. This is the first study that proves bird can perceive ultrasound. More researches on physiology, anatomy and behavioral responses of ultrasound sense on birds are needed to reveal the mechanism and significance of ultrasound in avian communication.

目錄
1. 前言 1
1.1 動物聲音頻率的特性 1
1.2 蛙類與鳥類的超聲 1
1.3 高頻聲音的功能 3
1.4 粉紅鸚嘴 6
2. 研究動機與目的 7
3. 研究材料與方法 9
3.1 資料紀錄 11
3.2 統計分析 11
4. 結果 13
4.1 粉紅鸚嘴在不同回播類型下聲音的反應 13
4.1.1 是否發出聯絡叫聲 13
4.1.2 聯絡叫聲之起始時間 13
4.1.3 聯絡叫聲之持續時間 14
4.1.4 鳥群大小與鳥群一開始與聲源的距離對鳥群回應的影響 14
4.2 粉紅鸚嘴在不同回播聲音下距離的反應 15
4.2.1 是否靠近聲源 15
4.2.2 靠近聲源起始之時間 15
4.2.3 靠近聲源持續之時間 15
4.2.4 靠近聲源之個體百分比 16
4.2.5 最靠近聲源之距離 16
4.2.6 鳥群大小與鳥群一開始與聲源的距離對鳥群靠近的影響 17
4.2.7 是否接觸標本 17
5. 討論 19
6. 結論 23
7. 參考文獻 25

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