臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Wars in the history of the mankind had certain elements such as apparent enemies and battlefields. Nowadays, war has a new turning in definition and elements, it became a nontraditional war with anonymously enemy. War on Terror also known as the global war on terrorism is an image of that nontraditional war, the spark of that war was after the September 11 attacks on the U.S. when a sleeping cell of Al-Qaida hijacked four airplanes and hit vital targets in the heart of the U.S., that attack was like a declaration of shifting the war into a new stage with new means and goals. Although the 9/11 attacks changed the world’s feature and were the turning point, the attacks on the aviation world started since the establishment of it. Airplane hijacking, bombing or executing a terrorist attacks at airports were scenarios threatening the entire world since aviation became one of the most usable ways of traveling.
Terrorist never adhere to boarders, does not has morals or religion. This study is an attempt to demonstrate the concept of terrorism, its motives, causes, the impact of it on the international community and the relation between terrorism and aviation which is the core of this study. The key objective of this thesis is trying to cover all aspects of aviation security, challenges which face responsible authorities of security at airports since passengers entered the airport until they reach the boarding gates. This thesis attempt to respond to the voices claims that there is no benefit of the presence of SMs on board. In addition, the thesis offers a contribution of literature on the security procedures on board, why airlines or governments must provide most of the flights, if not all of them, SMs and what are their real duties during the flight, describing the steps that SM has to follow in different scenarios.

Abstract I
Acknowledgment II
CHAPTER ONE 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Motivations 4
1.2 Research Questions 5
1.3 Research Objectives 5
1.4 Importance of the study 6
1.5 Research limitations 6
1.6 Research scope 6
1.7 Methodology 7
1.8 Literature review 8
CHAPTER TWO 16
Relation between terrorism and aviation crimes 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Motives and reasons of terrorism 18
2.2.1 Psychological causes 18
2.2.2 Social causes and social injustice 20
2.2.3 Economic reasons 22
2.2.4 Political reasons: 22
2.2.5 Ideological reasons: 25
2.3 The immediate causes of the phenomenon of terrorism in Muslim societies 26
2.4 Terrorism and its impact on the international community 29
2.5 Illegal immigration to the European continent 31
2.6 Connection between terrorism and aviation world 34
2.7 Deferent kinds of crimes against aviation 38
2.7.1 Attacks against airports 39
2.7.2 Attacks against airplane 42
2.8 Hijacking, Definitions and conditions 45
2.8.1 Hijacking definition 46
2.8.2 Hijacking conditions 46
CHAPTER THREE 50
Safety and security procedures at airports 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Risks facing airports 52
3.2.1 Reasons of targeting airports in the terrorist attacks 53
3.2.2 Methods of the terrorist attacks against airports 55
3.3 Security elements at airports 59
3.3.1 Security check equipment and devices 59
3.3.2 Human element 62
3.3.3 Airports regulations and procedures 65
3.4 ICAO security regulation and the practical security measures at Airports 73
Three security areas (circles) 77
CHAPTER FOUR 85
Safety and security on board 85
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 A brief history 86
4.3 The legal basis of SM 87
4.3.1 Definition of SM 88
4.3.2 The legitimacy of SM career 88
4.3.3 The necessity of the SMs 88
4.4 Safety and security equipment on board 93
Firearms: 93
Ammunition: 94
Taser (Electrical pistol): 95
Handcuffs: 95
Pepper Spray: 96
Bomb Blanket - Bomb Fragmentation Blankets: 96
Ballistic Bags: 97
Multi- purpose cutter: 97
4.5 SMs training program 98
Fitness exercises 98
Martial arts 98
Shooting training 100
Identifying explosives. Training on low-risk explosives and handling it 101
Communicating with cabin crew, other SMs and other passengers on board 102
Training on various topics 103
4.6 SM Duties 103
First phase: Preparation phase 104
Second phase :(Before takeoff phase) 108
Third phase: Flight phase 110
CHAPTER FIVE 119
Conclusions and recommendations 119
5.1 Results and Discussion 119
5.2 Recommendations 122
REFERENCES 126
APPENDIX 134

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