臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討對雜色角孔海膽(Salmacis sphaeroides)人工育苗技術及稚海膽的食性偏好。
實驗分為三部分，實驗一於水溫28-30℃下，雜色角孔海膽的浮游幼生在攝食等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻及周氏扁藻(1:1:1，混合後濃度0.5-2.0×104)約在10-11天間開始變態沉底。以大型藻養殖90天後，其殼徑及體重分別介於12.89-38.04 mm 及0.74-17.53 g之間。實驗二食性偏好試驗顯示雜色角孔海膽(30.15±1.31 mm)偏好褐臭肚魚肉甚於匍枝馬尾藻(P < 0.05)。實驗三以不同藻粉進行8週投餵試驗，發現攝食添加10 %的匍枝馬尾藻藻粉飼料的海膽，相對於其他各藻粉實驗組，有較高的增長率(34.96±0.91 %)及增重率(12.98±2.41 %)與較低的FCR (5.79±3.85)(P < 0.05)。但攝食新鮮匍枝馬尾藻(對照組)的海膽其增重率(15.73±3.07 %)、日攝食量(2.62±0.17 g)及特定生長率SGR ( 1.34±0.19 %)均顯著高於攝食藻粉飼料的海膽(P < 0.05)。

Artificial breeding and cultivation of white sea urchin salmacis sphaeroides was carried and the feeding preferences of juvenior sea urchins were investigated.
Larvae were produced by artificial spawning and cultured in natural seawater. Complete development of the sea-urchin larvae fed with a mixed phytoplankton (Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros sp. and Tetraselmis sp. (1: 1: 1)) reached the post-metamorphosis stage between 10 and 11 days, at 28-30℃. After 90 days culture, the mean shell diameter and body weight of juvenior sea urchins were 12.89-38.04 mm and 0.74-17.53 g, respectively.
Feeding preference test indicated the white sea urchin (30.15 ± 1.31 mm) preferred the flesh of rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) to Sargassum polycystum. In addition, the juvenior sea urchins fed with diets contained 10% Sargassum polycystum powder got higher percent length gain (34.96±0.91%) and percent weight gain (12.98±2.41%) and lower feed conversion rate (5.79±3.85) than other test groups. But the urchins fed with fresh Sargassum polycystum (control group) had much higher percent weight gain (15.73±3.07%), daily consumption (2.62±0.17g) and specific growth rate (1.34±0.19%) than the artificial feed groups.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………..…Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
謝誌………………………………………………………………..……Ⅲ
目錄…………………………………………………………………..…Ⅳ
表目錄………………………………………………………………..…Ⅶ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………..……Ⅷ
壹、 前言………………………………………………………………..1
貳、 文獻整理……………………………………………………….….3
2.1海膽生物學… ……………………………………….…………..3
2.2 海膽繁殖……………………………...………………………....3
2.3 海膽幼生的發育和變態…………………………..…………….5
2.4 海膽浮游幼生攝食的微細藻類……………………...…………6
2.5 投餵大型海藻對海膽攝食及成長之影響………………..…….7
2.6海膽人工飼料…………………………………………………….8
2.7雜色角孔海膽之外部形態及生態…………………...…… .......10
參、 材料…………………………………………………………..…..11
3.1生物材料…………………………………………………….......11
3.1.1雜色角孔海膽Salmacis sphaeroides (Linnaeus, 1758)...….11
3.1.2微細藻類………………………………………………..….11
3.1.3大型藻類……………………………………………...…….11
3.1.4生餌…………………………………………………...…….11
3.2儀器設備…………………………………………………….…..12
3.3玻璃及塑膠用品………………………………………………..12
3.4化學藥品………………………………………………………..13
3.5溶液配製………………………………………………………..14
肆、 方法………………………………………………………………17
4.1育苗……………………………………………………………..17
4.1.1 種海膽採集……………………………………………..…17
4.1.2 人工催產及受精……………………………………..……17
4.1.3 胚胎觀察……………………………………………..……18
4.1.4 浮游期的養殖管理與形態觀察…….………………...…..18
4.1.4.1 浮游期幼生之養殖管理………………………...……18
4.1.4.2 浮游期的形態觀察………………………………...…18
4.1.5 附著期前後的養殖管理及成長測量….…………...……..18
4.1.5.1 附著前之養殖管理……………………………...……18
4.1.5.2 附著後(稚海膽)之養殖管理……………………....…19
4.1.5.3 成長測量………………………………………...……19
4.1.6 稚海膽捕撈及計數……………………………….…….…19
4.2 微細藻類的純化，保種及擴大培養……………………..……20
4.2.1 純化…………………………………………………...…...20
4.2.2 保種…………………………………………………...…...21
4.2.3 擴大培養…………………………………………….…….21
4.3 餌料偏好試驗………………………………………………….22
4.3.1 雜色角孔海膽對四種大型藻的偏好性試驗………..…....22
4.3.1.1 大型藻類採集…………………………………...……22
4.3.1.2 藻類偏好試驗…………………………………...……23
4.3.2 雜色角孔海膽對三種生餌的偏好性試驗…………......…23
4.3.2.1 餌料準備…………………………………………...…23
4.3.2.2 動物性餌料偏好試驗……………………………...…23
4.3.3 雜色角孔海膽對匍枝馬尾藻與生餌的偏好性試驗.….....24
4.3.3.1 餌料準備……………………………………………...24
4.3.3.2 食性偏好試驗………………………………………...24
4.4 飼料添加藻粉對雜色角孔海膽的攝食量及成長的影響….…24
4.4.1 藻粉製備……………………………………………….….24
4.4.2 飼料製備……………………………………………....…..25
4.4.3 人工飼料投餵試驗………………………...……….……..25
4.5 統計………………………………………………………….....26
伍、 結果………………………………………………………………27
5.1海膽胚胎及浮游幼生發育……………………………………..27
5.2海膽捕撈後的重量及殼長分布……………………………..…27
5.3海膽對四種大型藻的偏好性試驗..…………………….……...27
5.4海膽對三種生餌的偏好性試驗…………………………..........28
5.5海膽對匍枝馬尾藻與生餌的偏好性試驗……..………………28
5.6 飼料添加藻粉對海膽的攝食量及成長的影響……………….29
陸、 討論………………………………………………………………30
6.1變態的溫度與天數………………………………………….…..30
6.2採苗與稚海膽的培育…………………………………………..30
6.3雜色角孔海膽食性偏好褐臭肚魚肉…………………………..31
6.4藻粉適合作為海膽飼料的誘引劑……………………………..32
柒、 結論………………………………………………………………33
捌、 參考文獻…………………………………………………………34
玖、附錄 

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