近年來台灣受極端降雨及全球暖化影響，降雨特性產生改變，對於土壤沖蝕的影響甚鉅。目前台灣多以通用土壤流失公式(Universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE)進行土壤流失量之估算，其中降雨沖蝕指數是表示降雨對土壤沖蝕能力的高低。因此，本研究為了解降雨特性的改變對降雨沖蝕指數之影響，分析單場、月、季及年降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數的關係，探討台灣中部地區降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數時間與空間變化，了解現今或未來降雨變化對土壤沖蝕的影響。
本文蒐集台灣中部地區105個雨量站49,582場的有效降雨事件進行分析，結果顯示單場、月、季及年之降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數的迴歸關係式其判定係數(R2)大致上均大於0.7以上，顯示迴歸式可以解釋資料的變異量相當好。中部地區年降雨沖蝕指數較南部地區(屈峻廣, 2014)低，與東部地區(劉維則, 2014)相近，但仍高於其他熱帶地區國家。月、季、及年之平均降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數之時間變化，月平均降雨沖蝕指數在4~9月及11~12月均有逐年上升的趨勢，1~3月及10月有逐年下降的趨勢；季平均降雨沖蝕指數在夏、秋及冬季有著隨時間增加而上升之趨勢，春季則相反；年平均降雨沖蝕指數於23年(1993~2015年)期間，皆呈現逐年增加之趨勢。月、季、及年之平均降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數之空間變化，受梅雨季節、颱風及豪雨影響，整體上由平地往山區逐漸遞增。另外，本研究之降雨沖蝕指數分析結果與黃俊德(1979)成果進行探討，得知近年來年平均降雨沖蝕指數有增大趨勢，其中北山及龍神橋雨量站差異百分比高達96%及104%，顯示近年中部地區土壤沖蝕問題嚴重。

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (abbreviated as USLE) is presently one of the most widely used models to evaluate soil erosion. Along with the impact by climate change, it is not certain that the rainfall erosivity index can reflect the variations at present and in the future. Rainfall erosivity index (R30) shows the potential ability of the soil loss caused by precipitation and runoff for predicting soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. Wischmeier and Smith (1958) defined R30 as the average of the annual summations of storm EI30 values, excluding storms with a total rainfall depth of less than 12.7 mm. The E portion of this value represents the rainfall energy, and the I30 portion represents the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity during the storm. In this study, central Taiwan was used as the research site. By using 10-min rainfall data of 105 precipitation stations of the period between 2002 and 2015, we conducted regression analysis and temporal-spatial variations to discuss the relationship between monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation and the rainfall erosivity index of the study area. A geographic information system was employed to plot the average annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity index isogram of central Taiwan.
The result shows that the regression formulas between precipitation and rainfall erosivity index based on 49,583 effective rainfall events from 2002 to 2015 have highly correlations. The values of average monthly precipitation and rainfall erosivity index approached to 85% of the year from May to October. The maximum of average monthly rainfall and rainfall erosivity index were 455 mm in August and 6,243 MJ-mm/ha-hr in July, respectively. The average seasonal precipitation and rainfall erosivity index concentrated on summer and autumn. The average annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity index ranged between 756 to 4,552 mm and 5,679 to 82,445 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr, respectively. In comparison with other tropical countries, the study area is a severe soil-loss region of the world. The temporal and spatial variations of precipitation and rainfall erosivity index are also analysis in this study. The results show that the temporal variations of annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity have been trending up from 1993 to 2015. The spatial variations of precipitation and rainfall erosivity index are increasing from plain to mountain area.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
謝誌 III
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
符號說明 X
第一章　緒論 1
1.1　前言 1
1.2　本文組織架構 3
第二章　文獻回顧 4
2.1　通用土壤流失公式之發展 4
2.2　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數相關之研究 5
2.3　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數時間變化之研究 10
2.4　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數空間變化之研究 11
第三章　研究區域與方法 19
3.1　研究區域 19
3.1.1　地理位置 19
3.1.2　地形地勢 20
3.1.3　地質條件 24
3.2　水文資料分析 25
3.2.1　氣溫 25
3.2.2　相對濕度 26
3.2.3　雨量資料蒐集 27
3.3　研究流程及方法 32
3.3.1　研究流程 32
3.3.2　降雨沖蝕指數之計算 33
3.3.3　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數關係之建立 35
3.3.4　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數時間變化 35
3.3.5　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數空間變化 36
第四章　結果與討論 37
4.1　有效降雨事件特性分析結果 37
4.2　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數關係之建立 42
4.2.1　單場之降雨量(Pj)與降雨沖蝕指數(Rj)關係之建立 42
4.2.2　月之降雨量(Pm)與降雨沖蝕指數(Rm)關係之建立 44
4.2.3　季之降雨量(PS)與降雨沖蝕指數(RS)關係之建立 46
4.2.4　年之降雨量(Py)與降雨沖蝕指數(Ry)關係之建立 49
4.2.5　單場、月、季、年降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數關係總結 53
4.3　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數時間變化分析 54
4.3.1　月平均之降雨量(Pm*)與降雨沖蝕指數(Rm*)時間變化分析 54
4.3.2　季平均之降雨量(PS*)與降雨沖蝕指數(RS*)時間變化分析 57
4.3.3　年平均之降雨量(Py*)與降雨沖蝕指數(Ry*)時間變化分析 58
4.4　降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數空間變化分析 59
4.4.1　月平均之降雨量(Pm*)與降雨沖蝕指數(Rm*)空間變化分析 59
4.4.2　季平均之降雨量(PS*)與降雨沖蝕指數(RS*)空間變化分析 62
4.4.3　年平均之降雨量(Py*)與降雨沖蝕指數(Ry*)空間變化分析 65
第五章　結論與建議 68
5.1　結論 68
5.2　建議 70
參考文獻 71
作者簡介 75

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