臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要是建立一軌道車輛轉向架結構輕量化設計分析流程及參數分析之研究，此分析流程是結合拓樸最佳化、參數最佳化以及有限元素分析。本研究是以台鐵電聯車之轉向架做為參考，因此轉向架結構整體之重量目標須低於1440 kg。
文中是以 TOSCA來進行轉向架結構之拓樸最佳化分析，並配合Isight來進行參數最佳化分析。然後，再建立三維彈塑性有限元素模型，來進行轉向架結構之強度及疲勞壽命分析。依照所建立之輕量化分析流程，本研究共提出三種不同轉向架Type-A、Type-B及Type-C，其重量分別為1389.5 kg、1239.8 kg及1316.2 kg。依據EN-13749規定，轉向架強度強度分析結果顯示，Type-A、Type-B以及 Type-C轉向架之最大von-Mises應力均低於材料之降伏應力，滿足強度需求。疲勞壽命分析結果顯示，本研究所提之轉向架，在軌道等級6、5及行駛速度130km/h以下時，其疲勞壽命皆符合歐盟標準法規EN-13749之規定，其疲勞壽命均大於1×107。

In this thesis, a parametric study on the lightweight design analysis process for a railway bogie frame is proposed. The lightweight analysis process combines topology optimization analysis, parametric optimization analysis and finite element model analysis. The bogie of a Taiwan railway electric multiple (EMU) train is used as a reference.Therefore, the designed weight of the bogie frame is set to be less than 1440 kg.
In this research, the optimization software TOSCA and Isight are used for the topology optimization analysis and parametric optimization analysis of the bogie frame, respectively. Three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element models are proposed for strength and fatigue life analysis of the bogie frame. Three types of bogie are proposed in this study. The weights obtained from the lightweight analysis process for Type-A, Type-B and Type-C bogie are 1389.5 kg, 1239.8 kg and 1316.2 kg, respectively. According to European standard EN-13749, the corresponding maximum von-Mises stresses obtained from the proposed finite element model for the three types of bogie are lower than the yielding stress of the material used in bogie frame. The results also show that the fatigue life of the proposed bogies are larger than 1×107 for train running at track class 6, 5 with train speed below 130 km/h and subjected to the load cases according with European standard EN-13749. The results obtained from the fatigue analysis show that the proposed bogie frame can satisfy the required specifications of EN-13749.

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
謝 誌 IV
目 錄 V
表 目 錄 X
圖 目 錄 XIII
符 號 索 引 XX
第1章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 6
1.2.1結構強度之相關研究 6
1.2.2疲勞壽命評估之相關研究 7
1.2.3最佳化設計之相關研究 8
1.3研究目的 10
1.4組織與章節 11
第2章 研究方法 12
2.1轉向架負載計算公式 14
2.1.1過負載 14
2.1.2 營運負載 19
2.1.3 特殊負載 23
2.1.4乘客與行李有效載重 23
2.2軌道不平整度函數 25
2.2.1軌道空間不平整度頻譜密度 25
2.2.2時域垂向不平整度功率頻譜密度 26
2.2.3軌道垂向不平整度之時域函數 26
2.3疲勞壽命理論 28
2.3.1應力-壽命法理論 28
2.3.2 MINER線性疲勞累積損傷理論 31
2.3.3 雨流循環計數法 32
2.4最佳化設計理論 34
2.4.1拓樸最佳化設計理論 35
2.4.2參數最佳化設計理論 36
第3章 轉向架結構拓樸最佳化分析 38
3.1轉向架結構空間規劃 40
3.2 拓撲最佳化分析 43
3.3初步概念設計 48
3.4概念設計細部修改 48
3.5最終概念設計 53
第4章 轉向架參數最佳化分析 56
4.1TYPE-A轉向架強度及模態有限元素分析 58
4.1.1材料參數 58
4.1.2邊界條件 58
4.1.3收斂分析 61
4.1.4分析結果 61
4.2參考轉向架模態分析 64
4.2.1幾何模型 64
4.2.2有限元素模型 64
4.2.3模態分析結果 64
4.3設計參數訂定 67
4.4參數最佳化分析 67
4.5初步概念設計 70
4.5.1限制函數:強度 70
4.5.2限制函數:剛性 70
4.6最終概念設計 70
第5章 轉向架結構有限元素分析 75
5.1幾何模型 75
5.2有限元素模型 81
5.3材料參數 86
5.4邊界條件 88
5.4.1模態分析 88
5.4.2過負載強度分析 88
5.4.3營運負載強度分析 99
5.4.4特殊負載強度分析 109
5.4.5疲勞壽命分析 112
5.5軌道輸入函數 116
5.6收斂分析 121
5.7轉向架結構模態分析結果 121
5.8轉向架結構強度分析結果 128
5.8.1過負載強度分析 128
5.8.2營運負載強度分析 134
5.8.3特殊負載強度分析 142
5.9轉向架結構疲勞壽命分析結果 146
5.9.1參考轉向架疲勞壽命分析結果 150
5.9.2 Type-A轉向架疲勞壽命分析結果 158
5.9.3 Type-B轉向架疲勞壽命分析結果 158
5.9.4 Type-C轉向架疲勞壽命分析結果 158
5.9.5 不同軌道等級與行駛速度對轉向架疲勞壽命之影響 168
第6章 結論與未來展望 175
參考文獻 177
作者簡介 184

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