雌性的哺乳動物為適應胎兒在妊娠末期的快速成長及分娩後的泌乳，在圍產期間會有胰島素抗性（insulin resistance, IR）增強之現象，乳牛對胰島素的不敏感使得牛體利用血糖的方式改變。另外，文獻中也提到血糖的恢復能力可影響乳牛分娩後的代謝狀態。本研究為探討產前的糖代謝對乳牛分娩後的健康及營養狀態之影響，使用17隻荷仕登種之懷孕經產母牛，於預產期前21日及前10日施行胰島素耐受性試驗。試驗期間，給予牛隻每公斤體重劑量0.05 IU的胰島素，並於胰島素注射前5分和注射後30分、45分及60分連續採血以監控血糖之變化。透過計算分娩前21日與10日的血糖-時間曲線下面積（area under curve, AUCglu），由兩次面積的上升或下降分為AUC-up組（n=13）及AUC-down組（n=4）。而產後的健康和營養狀態則運用血清生化學檢驗來評估。結果顯示，在預產期前10天施打胰島素45分鐘後，AUC-up組血糖下降的比率顯著（P<0.05）高於AUC-down組；且於分娩後第2週、第3週及第4週，AUC-up組的血清非脂化脂肪酸濃度（non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA）顯著（P<0.05）高於AUC-down組。在圍產期間，AUC-up組比AUC-down組有較高的血清瘦素濃度及較低的胰島素濃度。說明了AUC-up組於產後有較差的糖代謝能力及較嚴重之能量負平衡。綜合以上結果，本研究認為分娩糖代謝與產後的營養代謝狀態具有相關性，並可作為台灣乳牛於產前管理的指標。

Insulin resistance (IR) increases during the peripartum period to adjust the energy consumption for fetal growth and lactation in female mammals, which altered the utilization of glucose in dairy cows. In the other hand, precious studies mentioned the ability of glucose recovery also influences the metabolic status in dairy cows after calving. To determine the effect of glucose metabolism on health and nutrient status after partum in dairy cows, insulin tolerance test (ITT) was conducted to 17 multiparous Holstein cows by administering 0.05 IU/kg body weight of insulin at 21 days and 10 days before the expected date of calving. Blood sample were collected at -5, 30, 45, 60 minutes related to insulin injection time. Cows divided into two groups based on the change of blood glucose area under the curve (AUCglu) from Pre21 to Pre10: the AUC-up group (AUCglu increase, n=13), and AUC-down group (AUCglu decrease, n=4). Serum biochemical analysis was used to assess the nutritional status. The greater glucose levels reduction from 0 to 45min were estimated in AUC-up group during the ITT. Higher serum leptin and lower insulin concentration were measured in AUC-up group during the peripartum period. AUC-up group also had a significant (P <0.05) higher value of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) than AUC-down group at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week postpartum. It showed that AUC-up group had higher degree of negative energy balances at postpartum and poorer glucose utilization than AUC-down group. In summary, the glucose metabolism prepartum was related to nutrient status after calving and could be an indicator for prepartum management in dairy cows in Taiwan.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
謝誌 V
目錄 VI
圖表目錄 VIII
第1章 前言 1
第2章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 圍產期與能量負平衡 3
2.2 胰島素 3
2.3 胰島素抗性 4
2.3.1 圍產期胰島素抗性之變化 5
2.3.2胰島素耐受性試驗 6
2.4 胰島素樣生長因子I與卵巢功能之關係 6
2.5 瘦素 7
2.6 代謝輪廓試驗 8
2.6.1 簡介 8
2.6.2 方法及應用 8
2.7 早期排卵 12
第3章 材料與方法 14
3.1 實驗設計 14
3.2 實驗動物 14
3.3 代謝輪廓試驗 15
3.3.1 血液採集及處理 15
3.3.2 檢測方法及項目 15
3.4 胰島素耐受性試驗 15
3.4.1 血液採集及處理 16
3.4.2 檢測方法及項目 16
3.5 內泌素之檢測 16
3.5.1 血液採集及處理 17
3.5.2 血液胰島素濃度檢測 17
3.5.3 血液瘦素濃度鑑測 18
3.6 血液胰島素樣生長因子濃度檢測 18
3.7 早期排卵檢測 19
3.7.1 血清助孕素濃度檢測 19
3.7.2 直腸觸診及超音波檢診 20
3.8 統計分析 20
第4章 結 果 21
4.1 胰島素耐受性試驗 21
4.2 胰島素耐受性試驗之血糖變化率 22
4.3 代謝輪廓試驗 24
4.4 糖代謝能力與血清胰島素、瘦素之關係 29
4.5 早期排卵與ITT之關係 30
4.6 早期排卵與IGF-I之關係 31
第5章 討 論 32
第6章 參考文獻 35
作者簡介 50

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