臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

企業自主創新能力包含原創能力，加強整合創新的能力及廣泛吸收外部知識的能力。台灣產業結構以中、小企業及代工製造為主，原創能力一直未被重視。透過產學合作是企業提升自主創新能力最好的方式。本研究以質性研究方式，參考主要機構創新評比指標了解創新環境的基本要素。同時整理比較美國及台灣產學合作環境，包含智慧財產保護政策、產學合作相關法案、區域經濟的支援、人才培育、產學生態系統。另以史丹福大學、華盛頓大學及台灣成功大學，三所學校產學合作狀況來了解台灣產學合作不足之處。除以資料分析方式探討如何營造良好的創新環境外，本研究以一項以設計創新為目標的產學合作案來檢視產，學合作時的互動關系。透過訪談合作案主要參與者了解到良好的產、學關係需要互動經驗，同時雙方都需要相當的合作能力。若一方缺乏合作能力則可能因缺乏專業知識而產生創新觀念上的落差。另外產、學在沒有共同發展利益的架構上互動也容易阻礙合作的進行。最後本研究針對協助企業提升自主創新能力提出幾項建議：（一）建立產學合作平台。（二）強化技轉中心人才。（三）加強企業永續經營觀念鼓勵企業內部創業。（四）營造社會創業精神與創新氛圍。（五）建構大學城區域經濟體系。建議從中央到地方及產業界皆需努力營造創新環境。在良好的創新氛圍及多元的產業創新體系下才能激勵企業提升並投資自主創新能力。期望企業真正成為台灣創新火車頭。唯本案僅以設計創新案例為基礎探討產、學互動，仍需要更多關於科技創新案例、服務創新案例等產學合作案例的比較，才能對不同層次、不同領域的企業給予建議。

The enterprises should have the abilities of independent innovation including original innovative ability, the ability to integrate innovation and the ability to absorb external knowledge. Taiwan''s industrial structure is dominated by medium- and small-sized enterprises with foundry manufacturing. Industry-University Cooperation is the best way to enhance the ability of independent innovation for the enterprises. This study takes a qualitative research method to analyze the basic elements of the innovation environment. The study compares the Industry-University Cooperation environment between USA and Taiwan with some essential issues. In addition, this study takes the Stanford University, the University of Washington and one university in Taiwan as examples to understand the inadequacies of Taiwan’s policies. Besides of using the method of literature analysis to explore how to create a good environment for innovation, a real case about design innovation is taken here to understand the interaction between the industry and the university. Through the interviews, we are able to learn that a good industry-university cooperation relation needs interactive experience, and both parties should have the same level of innovation ability . If a party lacks the ability to cooperate, it may cause a gap.
Finally, this study makes a few recommendations for enterprises to enhance their abilities of independent innovation: (1) to establish a platform. (2) to strengthen the ability of personnel in OTL. (3) to strengthen the concept of sustainable development of enterprises and to encourage the internal start ups. (4) to create a social entrepreneurial spirit and atmosphere. (5) to build regional economic of Universal Town. It is recommended that the governments and the enterprises should work together to create an innovation environment. An environment full with innovative atmosphere and a diversified industrial innovation system would motivate the enterprises’s willingness to invest innovation.
We are looking forward to see the enterprises becoming Taiwan''s innovative locomotive. This study only takes a design innovation case to understand the interaction between the industry and the university. For helping more enterprises in different areas and different levels, more science and technology innovation cases, service innovation cases, etc, are need in future research.

Table of Contents
Verification Letter from The Oral Examination Committee………… i
Abstract in Chinese…………………………………………….…….. ii
Abstract in English………………………………………….………... iii
I. Introduction…………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Research Questions………………………………………….. 9
II. Literature Review
2.1 Definition of Industry-University Cooperation…………..… 11
2.2 Enterprise Independent Innovation………………………..... 12
2.2.1 Technology Innovation & Design Innovation……..... 15
2.2.2 Closed Innovation & Opened Innovation………..….. 15
2.3 Innovation Systems…………………………………..……... 16
2.3.1 National Innovation System & Regional Innovation System…………………………………………..…… 17
2.3.2 Sectoral System Innovation & Production…..………. 19
2.4 Innovation Indexes………………………..………………… 21
2.5 Comparisons Between United States and Taiwan...………… 24
2.5.1 Policies Comparison…………………………………. 24
2.5.2 A Comparative Study on The Strategies of Industry-University Cooperation Between Universities..28
III. Research Methods………………………………………………..34
3.1 Research Approaches…………………………………………..34
3.2 Research Methods………………………………………………35
3.3 Background of The Case……………………………………….36
3.3.1 Description of The Case…………………..…………….38
3.3.2 Course Description……………………………………...40
IV. Research Result and Discussion………………………………….43
4.1 Innovative Environment Creation……………………………...43
4.1.1 Entrepreneurship Guidance…………..……………..…..43
4.1.2 Responsibility Division of Labor on Innovation Behavior……………………………………………...…45
4.2 Talent Cultivation………………………………………………45
4.3 Development of University Town……………………………...47
4.4 Case Discussions……………………………………………….49
4.4.1 Industry-University Parties’ Cognitive Difference and Interactive Obstacle…………………………………….49
4.4.2 The Enterprise Is Short of Innovation Capacity………..54
4.4.3 Cultivate Talents, Use and Keep Them…………………56
V. Conclusions and Suggestion……………………………………..61
5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………..……61
5.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………...62
5.3 Follow-up Research…………………………………………….72
Bibliographies
Chinese Bibliographies..…………………………….…………….74
English Bibliographies……………………………………….……75
Websites………….………..………………………………………77
Appendixes
Appendix I. Interview Transcript………………………………....78

List of Tables
Table 2-1 Major Innovation Indexes…………………………… 22
Table 2-2 Comparisons of Industry-University Cooperation Policies between USA and Taiwan………………...……….... 24
Table 2-3 Comparisons of Strategies of Major Universities…….. 29
Table 2-4 The Distribution of Technology Transfer Royalty… 33
Table 3-1 The List of Interviewees……………………...……... 41
List of Figures
Figure 3-1 Research Framework…………………………………..36
Figure 4-1 Essential Pyramid on Enterprise Independent Innovation………………………………………………………….47
Figure 4-2 Industry-University Interactive Obstacle Graph……….52
Figure 5-1 Industry-University Interactive Progress Graph……….64

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C. Websites：
1.terp.com: http://terp.tk/map-mpls-st-paul/
2.數位時代：https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/37164/BN-2015-08-24-095418-156
3.OECD: https://www.oecd.org/