臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文的目的在於研究狄更斯小說中社會身體的呈現，從1830到1860年代，以窮人為主要對象。文中章節的安排非以年代先後、而是依主題來排列順序，並配合當時的社會趨勢加以討論。其中的討論囊括了公民與空間兩個部分，牽涉到的議題有：對貧民的管理、貧民窟與衛生改革、家庭理想與貧富之間的階級衝突。
文中的章節列舉小說中當時存在的社會議題。首先，本文將介紹維多利亞時期的文化氛圍與政治觀念來說明當時社會身體的傾向。第一章分別針對《艱苦年代》與《孤雛淚》來探討教育以及道德的問題。第二章將檢視貧民窟在《荒涼山莊》裡所呈現衛生條件與疫病的問題。在第三章，本文將以「家」的角度來解釋主角在《塊肉餘生錄》裡所面臨的家庭考驗。最終章則討論《雙城記》裡法國大革命的歷史事件來影射當時知識分子面臨的階級衝突與擔憂，而《遠大前程》則凸顯出的貧富間的階級差異。
透過小說，我們得以拼湊出狄更斯所認知的社會身體，並體認到人的身份，如同自己的身體外觀，深遠地被環境所塑造、影響著。唯有透過個人對於社會責任的覺醒，並藉由照護、同情他人的善舉，社會才得以彰顯人民「康樂」的身體。

The purpose of my dissertation is to survey the presentation of social body, especially of the poor, in Dickens’s novels, which encompass the period from the 1830s to the 1860s. The discussion, however, is not arranged chronically but enlisted by relative topics with the social trends at Dickens’s times. The social body is mainly concerns with two parts—the citizens and space—with the issues respectively in the social problem of pauper management, the slums and the sanitary reform, the domestic ideals and management, and class conflicts between the rich and poor.
The discussion to each chapter attempts to elucidate the social issues related to Dickens’s novels and his times. My dissertation introduces the cultural and political conceptions to elucidate the social trends, relative to the social body. In the first chapter, the issues of pedagogy and morality are respectively discerned by dissecting Hard Times and Oliver Twist. While Dickens’s abject slum in Bleak House, discussed in the second chapter, is related to the sanitary condition and epidemic diseases, David Copperfield is read as a novel about domesticity in Chapter Three. In the final chapter, my discussion focuses on social conflicts by elaborating the historical event of French Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities and the class discrepancies in Great Expectations.
By mapping out the social body in the world of Dickens’s novels, we may perceive that the identity, as well as the physical appearance, is environmentally plastic. Through the awareness of individual’s responsibility, the well-being of the social body is able to be assured by charity, with care and sympathy to the downtrodden people.

Table of Contents
論文審定書…………………………………………………………………………..….i
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………..…………..ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………..iii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….iv
Introduction: Social Body in Dickens in 1830s and Later………………………………1
Pauperism………………………………………...………………………………...5
The New Poor Law in 1834…………………...………………………………........8
The Workhouse…………………………...…………………………………….....13
The Domestic Sphere and Sanitary………………………………..……...………17
Domestic and Woman…………………...…………………………...……………22
Dickens’s Ideal Womanhood………………………...…………………...…….....26
Class Conflicts…………………………...……………………………...…...……30
Chapter One: Bentham’s Utilitarianism and Social Body………………………….…..40
1.1 Hard Times: Rationality and Social Body…………………………...………..41
1.2 Oliver Twist: A Body of Political Economy and Morality…………………….62
Chapter Two: Filth, Abject and Sanitary Reform in Bleak House……………...…...….84
2.1 Sanitation and Filth……………………………………………….…………...85
2.2 Abject and Slum……………………………………..………………………...92
2.3 Sanitary Reform……………………………………………………...………104
Chapter Three: Domestic Ideal and “Undisciplined Heart” in David Copperfield..….123
3.1 Domestic Ideal…………………………………………………...…………..127
3.2 Undisciplined Heart………………………………….…..…………………..146
Chapter Four: Class Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations………164
4.1 A Tale of Two Cities…………………………………………....…………….166
4.2 Great Expectations…………..………………………..……….…………….184
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………203
Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………..210

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