臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

微量金屬主要是人為活動產生，而東沙環礁人為干擾程度小，適合作為監測水域微量金屬因不同季節，自然氣候的改變而有金屬濃度變化的研究地點，自然傳輸微量金屬至東沙環礁的來源有水源以及空飄，而東沙近岸受河川或深水抬升的微量金屬影響幾乎可忽略，東沙環礁受季風影響，微量金屬氣膠顆粒沉降至東沙水域，會影響東沙水域的水質。本研究挑選東沙島周圍三個測站點以潛水(浮潛)方式，每周取樣一次圓葉水絲草(Cymodocea rutundata)做為生物性指標，並切取一週的新生葉樣本進行消化，並測量銅、鎘、鎳、鉛、鋅，觀察圓葉水絲草的微量金屬季節性的變化趨勢。海水以及沉積物的組成也會影響到海草生長所吸收的物質，約2個月採樣一次，比較兩者對於海草累積微量金屬的影響程度。
比較東沙島周圍與環礁周圍的海水微量金屬濃度，前者有人為活動而後者則無，造成銅、鋅及鉛在東沙島測站濃度高於環礁周圍的測站。東沙島的小潟湖因地形封閉，沉積物微量金屬濃度相對比較高，但唯獨只有銅在北岸的濃度有明顯的高值，北岸細顆粒比例較高(仍低於10 %)也是一個地區性差異的因素。
作為東沙水域生物性指標的圓葉水絲草也表現出銅、鎘、鋅濃度具有東北季風時期顯著高於西南季風時期的季節性變化，而影響海水的因素排除海草的生長、溫度、不同的水來源以及地區性的因素後，推測為季風吹送所帶來的空飄物質沉降於東沙水域所造成的影響。由本研究可得知，圓葉水絲草在東沙島可作為監測水域中銅、鎘、鋅的季節性變化的生物性指標，而東沙水域的銅、鋅、鎘的濃度都具有東北季風時期高於西南季風時期的季節性變化。

The Dongsha is the ideal station for study trace metals because it far from land masses and most immediate anthropogenic influences. Water source like river or internal wave had no siginificant influence for Alongshore. On the other hand, different aerosols brought by monsoon to Dongsha. Once aerosols fall on the water, chemicals may be disassociated and results in increases of trace metals in the water. Cymodocea rotundata is used as a bio-indicator in this study. C.rotundata leaves were collected weekly and the trace metal contents determined. Also, seawater and sediment samples were collected bimonthly for trace metal determinations in order to investigate their effects on variability of seagrass trace metal content.
Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations in seawatrer at Dongsha Island sites were higher than those from the Atoll sites, reflecting Dongsha Island sties were influenced by human activities. Sediment tarce metals show that Cu concentrations were highest at the north shore site off the Island while other metals had higher concentrations in the lagoon sediments on the Island. It was found that C.rotundata grew faster at the deeper (2 m) south shore site than at the lagoon (Island) site and the north shore site. Concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd had seasonal variation in seagrass, and were significantly higher during northeastern monsoons. Results showed that different water source, temperature, growth rate did not affect seagrass metal concentrations significantly. The influence by aerosols brought to the study area may be the most important factor. Results of this research prove that C.rotundata can be a sutible bio-indicator for Cu, Zn and Cd in the Dongsha region.

研究生學位論文審定書 i
碩博士論文公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目次 vi
表次 viii
圖次 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2微量金屬 4
1.3海草作為生物性指標的特性 5
1.4東沙對於重金屬研究優勢 9
1.5研究目的 10
第二章 材料與方法 11
2.1測站位置 11
2.2採樣方法 13
2.2.1海水 13
2.2.2海草 15
2.2.3沉積物 15
2.3樣品分析 17
2.3.1試劑配製 17
2.3.2海水分析前處理 17
2.3.3海草 18
2.3.4沉積物 19
2.3.5 樣品微量金屬分析 19
第三章 結果與討論 23
3.1 東沙氣象及水文資料 23
3.2 東沙水域海水微量金屬 25
3.3 沉積物粒徑及微量金屬濃度 35
3.3.1 東沙沉積物的組成成分 35
3.3.2 沉積物粒徑分析 35
3.3.3 沉積物微量金屬濃度 36
3.4圓葉水絲草生長速率及微量金屬濃度 40
3.4.1 圓葉水絲草生長速率 40
3.4.2葉片取樣部位微量金屬濃度的差異 43
3.4.3海草微量金屬濃度的測站間差異 47
3.4.4 園葉水絲草微量金屬濃度季節性變化 49
3.5 海草、海水及沉積物的相關性 60
3.6 與前人文獻的圓葉水絲草濃度比較 61
第四章 結論 65
第五章 參考文獻 66
附錄 72

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