臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於2013~2015年間，於東沙群島設置採樣站，採集大氣總懸浮微粒並量化其多環芳香烴化合物濃度，藉以探討東沙群島位於南海大氣傳輸背景中繼站之污染物時空變化，並探討大氣總懸浮微粒與多環芳香烴化合物濃度之時空變化，以及各種可能的污染來源。
本研究結果顯示，在2013到2015年間東沙總懸浮微粒逐月平均濃度範圍介於12.2~99.4 μg/m3，三年平均濃度依序為46.3±20.9、51.1±29.0、47.7±17.4 μg/m3，整體而言，三年間平均濃度均相差無幾，並且皆低於我國空氣品質標準總懸浮微粒年幾何平均值130μg/m3，而TSP-PAHs之各年間平均濃度依序為0.70±0.56、0.55±0.80、0.23±0.30 ng/m3，三年間平均濃度均遠低於各國文獻。
根據大氣逆軌跡分析氣團來源，發現東沙群島之大氣氣團大多從中國、中南半島、菲律賓以及台灣而來，且在冬天時所受到的跨境傳輸影響較嚴重，TSP-PAHs冬季平均濃度在三年間均處在最高值，另外也發現，在春夏季受到風向的影響，污染物大多由菲律賓以及中南半島而來，由於這兩個區域大多屬於生質燃燒的源區，在多環芳香烴濃度分析也發現，中低分子量之多環芳香烴佔大多數，因此推測可能受到大氣傳輸之影響。
另外利用化學特徵比分析、主成分分析以及階層群集分析判斷不同採樣季節可能受到的污染來源，本研究之氣態多環芳香烴主要以交通性之石油燃燒來源為主，而顆粒態多環芳香烴在冬季以交通性石油燃燒來源為主，在春夏季則以生質燃燒混和石油性交通燃燒來源為主。

This study collected total suspended particulates (TSP) and quantified their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in Dongsha Island during 2013 to 2015 to investigate the effect of long range transport and seasonal variation of TSP and PAHs concentrations on the study area.
The result demonstrated that the monthly average concentration of Dongsha TSP ranged 12.2~99.4 μg/m3, and the annual average concentration was 46.3±20.9、51.1±29.0、47.7±17.4 μg/m3, respectively, during 2013~2015. Overall , the annual average TSP concentrations are lower than the annual average of Taiwan EPA standard (130μg/m3). The annual average TSP-PAHs concentrations were (0.70±0.56、0.55±0.80、0.23±0.30 ng/m3, during 2013~2015) were much lower than most of the other areas in the world.
The transport pathways of air parcels originated from China, Indochina, Philippines and Taiwan were identified by backward trajectories analysis. The highest monthly average TSP-PAHs concentration all occurred in winter which is also the season with strong long range transport effect. Additionally, the mid molecular weight PAHs was found dominant in the compositional pattern of PAHs in spring and summer, showing the contribution of biomass burning. It is thus speculated that air pollutants were long range transported from the Philippines and Indochina Peninsula, one of the major source regions of biomass burning, to the study area.
In addition, chemical fingerprint analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to determine the possible sources of PAHs in each season. Traffic emission was identifued as the major source of gaseous PAHs in the study period; while the major sources of particulate PAHs was traffic emission in winter and mixture of biomass burning and fossil fuel burning in spring and summer.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 iv
Abstract iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
附表 x
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 大氣多環芳香烴 3
2-1-1 多環芳香烴之特性 3
2-1-2 多環芳香烴的來源 7
2-1-3 多環芳香烴之毒性 9
2-1-4 多環芳香烴之化學指紋鑑定 12
2-2 東沙地區概述 13
第三章 實驗材料及研究方法 14
3-1 研究流程 14
3-2 採樣設計 15
3-2-1 採樣地點 15
3-2-2 採樣時間 17
3-2-3 儀器設備 17
3-2-5 材料 18
3-2-6 試藥及器具之前處理 19
3-3 樣品分析 20
3-3-1 PAHs分析 20
3-3-2 氣相層析質譜儀分析 21
3-4 品保及品管(QA/QC) 22
3-5 主成分分析(Principle Component Analysis, PCA) 23
3-6 階層群集分析法(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) 23
3-7 大氣逆軌跡模式 24
第四章 結果與討論 25
4-1 大氣中多環芳香烴濃度 25
4-1-1 總懸浮微粒濃度(Total suspended particles, TSP) 25
4-1-2 大氣中多環芳香烴濃度 28
4-1-3 不同環數之多環芳香烴在大氣中之分布 32
4-2 大氣逆軌跡 35
4-2-1 大氣逆軌跡傳輸分析 35
4-2-2 大氣逆軌跡傳輸 36
4-4 來源判斷分析 46
4-4-1 主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 46
4-4-2 階層群集分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) 54
第五章 結論與建議 61
5-1 結論 61
5-2 建議 62
參考文獻 63

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