臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文致力於發展一種採用自我及交互注入鎖定的雷達系統，其系統架構與傳統架構相比，具備低功耗及低系統複雜度之優勢，可望大幅降低雷達硬體成本。此外考慮異側擺置在實際應用過程中往往受限於量測環境，因此於文中提出兩種不同的同側擺置架構以解決此問題。實驗上藉由都卜勒雷達系統所產生的連續波訊號以即時偵測人體的生理徵象。將由目標物反射回來的訊號注入到壓控振盪器中，使系統產生一組載有目標物生理徵象的頻率調制訊號，並透過後端的頻率解調器將此調制訊號還原，使受測者於量測過程中可由示波器及頻譜中觀察到自己的呼吸速率及心跳速率。在壓控振盪器的設計上，其頻率操作於2.4到2.484GHz，屬於工業科學醫用頻段。
在章節的呈現上主要分為兩部分，第一部分首先探討自我及交互注入鎖定雷達的系統架構、天線設置及理論模型，並搭配致動器的輔助分別以兩組自製金屬板對兩支天線進行校正，最後則比較兩組設置架構的實驗數據以了解兩者間抵銷程度的差異性。第二部分則參考牧場雷達模組的設計規格及電路架構，以自製的發射端及接收端電路構成一組自我注入鎖定雷達系統。在進行即時生理徵象的監測過程中，透過示波器及頻譜的輔助有助於瞭解兩組雷達系統彼此間的性能差異。實驗最後則探討造成兩者實驗差距的各項成因，並提出有效的改善方法。

Conventional architectures have encountered serious challenges such as cost, system complexity, and power consumption. Therefore, to potentially overcome these disadvantages, this thesis proposes a continuous-wave (CW) radar architecture in a Self- and Mutually Injection-Locked (SMIL) state. Since the setup of two radars on different sides of the human body is often limited by the measurement environment in the practical application process, we presents two different antenna setups to solve this problem. This thesis demonstrated a Doppler radar system for monitoring vital signs in real time transmitting a continuous-wave (CW) signal. The Doppler phase-shifted signal that is partially reflected by a distant human subject and then injected into the VCO. Therefore, The radar system will generate a frequency modulated signal which caused by vital signs of a human body. The modulated signal will be demodulated through the frequency demodulator. When subjects are in the process of measurement , they can easily observe the rates of respiration and heartbeat in the spectrum and oscilloscope. The VCO that was design for the radar system was operated in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands from 2.36 to 2.484 GHz.
In the first part, we will study the system architecture, theoretical model and antenna setup of the SMIL radar. Two conducting plates was used with the actuator for calibrating two separate antennas. the system can remove in real time the effects of random body movement on the monitoring of vital signs from one side of the human body. A comparison of the experiment data can let us understand the cancellation difference between each antenna setup. In the second part, According to the previous design architecture and specification, we design the transmitter and receiver by ourselves and then constitute a SIL radar system. By using the the spectrum and oscilloscope in the process of real-time vital sign monitoring, we will know more about the differences between each radar system. Finally, we will explore the causes of the experiment result between each radar system and find the proposed method for improving the radar system.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 x
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 生理感測訊號之發展與探討 2
1.3 論文章節規劃 4
第二章 同側雙雷達系統架構及操作原理 6
2.1 SMIL雷達系統 6
2.1.1 雷達系統模型 8
2.1.2 雷達系統天線設置 11
2.2 致動器擺動控制實驗 13
2.2.1 雙天線擺置實驗量測結果 19
2.2.2 實驗比較及理論結果 21
2.3 隨機身體擺動之生理徵象監測實驗 24
2.3.1 天線採用上下擺置之生理徵象監測實驗 25
2.3.2 天線採用前後擺置之生理徵象監測實驗 27
第三章 PCB生理感測雷達模組 31
3.1 生理感測雷達系統架構及操作原理 31
3.1.1 SIL雷達系統 32
3.1.2 電路設計架構 39
3.2 生理感測雷達之生理徵象監測實驗 49
3.2.1 實驗量測規格(調制單元) 49
3.2.2 實驗量測規格(解調單元) 51
3.2.3 生理感測實驗量測 54
第四章 結論 58
參考文獻 60

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