臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本文旨在探討中央含孔之聚乙烯薄膜材料於室溫下的起皺現象。薄膜材料在現今已廣泛運用在航太、生醫與機械領域中，許多研究已明確指出皺褶會影響薄膜結構不穩定，但多數的研究屬於無缺陷的薄膜材料，而具缺陷的薄膜的研究相較之下為之少數，故本文將針對具缺陷的薄膜進行實驗性研究。本文在矩形聚乙烯薄膜中央位置製作不同孔洞數及不同的孔洞排列後進行拉伸起皺實驗，獲得材料機械性質與拉伸數據。
本文實驗材料為厚度13μm的聚乙烯薄膜為主，於試片中央裁切直徑10mm正圓孔；孔洞種類分別為中央單一孔洞、中央直列兩孔洞與中央橫列兩孔洞且中心距皆為兩倍直徑。運用MTS Model 42微拉伸試驗機以速率1mm/min進行拉伸起皺實驗，並同時使用攝影機來進行非接觸式量測，利用所紀錄之實驗結果，整理薄膜所產生的皺褶數量所對應之負載關係，並藉由觀察皺褶分布與生長演變，瞭解具缺陷之薄膜材料其膜面變形機制。
根據實驗結果得知，中央含孔之薄膜皺褶變化具有規律性，在彈性區間內可分成兩階段:面內變形階段、面外變形階段，但PE薄膜其面內變形階段極小無法觀察，因此本文旨在探討面外變形階段。藉由實驗結果了解，不同的孔洞數量會影響皺褶的形貌，中央一孔洞與橫列兩孔洞的每條皺褶單純被劃分為上下兩段，而直列兩孔洞其部份皺褶會呈現三段狀；另一方面，從數據比較得知孔洞的排列影響皺褶生長速度，在相同負載下，橫列兩孔洞產生的皺褶數量最多，綜合結果了解到，孔洞的數量與排序會對皺褶生長數量、速度以及形貌有著明顯影響，故可善加運用孔洞做為變因，進一步控制試片之皺褶生長狀態。

Abstract
The thesis aims to investigate the wrinkling phenomena of centrally notched rectangular Polyethylene(PE) thin films at room temperature. Numerous studies have shown that wrinkles influence the film structures, while the effect of wrinkles in notched films has been rarely discussed, particularly in polymer materials experimentally. In order to understand the wrinkling mechanism of thin films, the samples are arranged with different numbers of holes in the center of PE films for the tensile tests.
Round holes with diameters of 10mm were cut centrally in PE films with the thickness of 13μm. The holes in the films were arranged in three ways. One was to cut a single hole in the center, the others were to cut two holes with a distance of 20mm apart around the center vertically (2V), horizontally (2H). All samples were bonded on the cardboard frames and clipped in an MTS Model42 micro-tensile system. The tensile rate was 1mm/min and the wrinkle evolution with corresponding load were recorded by a high speed camera at the same step.
The experimental results show that the evolution of wrinkles can be divided into two stages from the elastic state of in-plane deformation to the plastic state of out-of-plane deformation. At elastic state the in-plane deformation was too small to be observed, and at plastic state the out-of-plane deformation, wrinkles, occurred. The different number of holes changed the wrinkling shape. Each wrinkle had upper and lower parts symmetrically or anti-symmetrically. Additionally, for the 2V type samples, there existed one more part of triangular wrinkles at the center of specimen. For 2H samples the wrinkles looked similar of both hole. In summarize the number of arranged holes affected the wrinkling forms and shapes.

目錄
論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機 2
1-3薄膜皺褶現象 3
1-4研究方向 4
1-5文獻回顧 4
1-6組織與章節 7
第二章 試驗方法 9
2-1薄膜材料 9
2-2 儀器設備 10
2-3試驗簡述 11
2-4試片準備與製作 11
2-5 拉伸試驗 12
2-5-1 常溫拉伸試驗 12
2-5-2實驗儀器設置 12
2-5-3薄膜固定框架設計 13
第三章 拉伸試驗結果 21
3-1室溫拉伸起皺試驗結果 21
3-2 薄膜皺褶量測結果 25
第四章 討論 70
4-1 中央一孔洞其皺褶與模態探討 70
4-1-1孔洞鬆弛區域討論 70
4-1-2薄膜皺褶生長機制 72
4-1-3皺褶長度與分布 74
4-2 直列兩孔洞與橫列兩孔洞討論 76
4-2-1 直列兩孔洞皺褶與模態探討 76
4-2-2橫列兩孔洞皺褶與模態探討 78
4-3 三類型孔洞相互比較 81
第五章 結論 96
參考文獻 97

參考文獻
1.Lake, M. S., Peterson, L. D., Levine, M. B., Rationale for Defining Structural Requirements for Large Space Telescopes, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol.39, pp. 674-681, 2002.
2.黃奕豪，矩形薄膜於拉伸作用下皺褶變形之實驗探討，國立中山大學機械與機電工程學系碩士論文，2014。
3.劉庭揚，薄膜之拉伸與疲勞作用之探討，國立中山大學機械與機電工程學系碩士論文，2016。
4.Ding, H. and Yang, B., The Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Wrinkled Membranes, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol.58, pp. 1785-1801, 2003.
5.Freeland, R. E., Bilyeu, G. D., Veal, G. R., Steiner, M. D., Carson, D. E., Large Inflatable Deployable Antenna Flight Experiment Results, International Astronautical Federation, Vol.41 (10), pp.267-277,1997.
6.Tsuda, Y., Mori, O., Funase, R., Sawada, H., Yamamoto, T., Saiki, T., et al., Achievement of IKAROS — Japanese Deep Space Solar Sail Demonstration Mission, Acta Astronautica , Vol.82(2), pp.183-188, 2013.
7.Maeder, T., Jacq, C., Ryser, P., Low-Firing Thick-Film Piezoresistive Sensors for Medical Instruments, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol.172(1), pp.228-232, 2011.
8.Awaja, F., Stifter, D., Laidani, N., Anti-Adhesion of Thin Polymer Films As Cells/Biofilm Repellent for Biomedical Devices, Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol.4, pp.18-26, 2016.
9.Kumar, A. and Kumar, A., Development and Characterization of Tripolymeric and Bipolymeric Composite Films Using Glyoxal as a Potent Crosslinker for Biomedical Application, Mater sci. Eng. C, Vol.73, pp.333-339, 2017.
10.Murphy, D. M. and Murphey, T. W., Mikulas, M. M., Adler, A. L., A Method to Quantify the Thrust Degradation Effects of Structural Winkles in Solar Sails, In: 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, AIAA 2002-1560, pp.1-12, 2002.
11.Silvestre, N., Wrinkling of stretched thin sheets: Is restrained Poisson’s effect the sole cause, Engineering Structures, Vol.106, pp.195-208, 2016.
12.Miyamura, T., Wrinkling on Stretched Circular Membrane Under In-Plane Torsion, Engineering Structure, Vol.23, pp.1407-1425, 2000.
13.Mikulas, M. M., Behavior of a Flat Stretched Membrane Wrinkled by the Rotation of an Attached Hub, NASA Technical Note, NASA TN D-2456, 1964.
14.Blandino, J. R., Johnston, J. D., Miles, J. J., Soplop, J. S, Thin Film Membrane Wrinkling Due to Mechanical and Thermal Loads, In: 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, AIAA 2001-1345, 2001.
15.Wesley Wong, Y. and Pellegrino, S., Wrinkled Membranes Part I: Experiments,
Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vol.1, pp.1-23, 2006.
16.Nayyar, V., Ravi-Chandar, K., Huang, R., Stretch-Induced Wrinkling of Polyethylene Thin Sheets: Experiments and Modeling, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol .51, pp.1847-1858, 2014.
17.Flores-Johnson, E. A., Rupert, T. J., Hemker, K. J., Gianola, D. S., Gan, Y., Modelling Wrinkling Interactions Produced by Patterned Defects in Metal Thin Films, Extreme Mechanics Letters, Vol 4, pp.175-185, 2015.
18.Taylor, M., Bertoldi, K., Steigmann, D. J., Spatial Resolution of Wrinkle Patterns in Thin Elastic Sheets at Finite Strain, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol.62, pp.163-180, 2014.
19.Nayyar, V., Ravi-Chandar, K., Huang, R., Stretch-Induced Stress Patterns and Wrinkles in Hyperelastic Thin Sheets., International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol.48, pp.3471-3483, 2011.
20.Ying, Z., Marsumoto, E. A., Peter, A., Lin, P.C., Kamien, R.D., Yang, S., One Step Nanoscale Assembly of Complex Structures Via Harnessing of an Elastic Instability , Nano Letters Vol.8(4), pp.1192-1196, 2008.
21.Okumura, D., Inagaki, T., Ohno, N., Effect of Prestrains on Swelling-Induced Buckling Patterns in Gel Films with A Square Lattice of Holes, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol.58, pp.288-300, 2015.
22.Li, Q. and Healey, T. J., Stability Boundaries for Wrinkling in Highly Stretched Elastic Sheets, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 97, pp.260-274, 2016.
23.Yan, D., Zhang, K., Peng, F., Hu, G., Tailoring the Wrinkle Pattern of A Microstructured Membrane, Applied Physics Letters, Vol.105, 071905, 2014.
24.Mei, H., Huang, R., Chung, Y., Stafford, C. M., Yu, H. H., Buckling Modes of Elastic Thin Films on Elastic Substrates, Applied Physics Letters, Vol.90, 151902, 2007.
25.Hibbeler, R. C. , Mechanics of Materials材料力學，台灣培生教育，2011。
26.吉田總仁，彈●塑性力學基礎，五南，2008。