臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景：
復發性泌尿道感染常見於女性，隨著抗生素的使用增加，抗藥性的問題日趨嚴重。蔓越莓已被證實具有防止細菌(主要為大腸桿菌)附著於膀胱壁之效果，可能成為抗生素的替代品，減低抗生素的需求以克服抗藥性問題。本研究旨在評估蔓越莓萃取物預防女性非複雜性泌尿道感染復發之效果。
方法：
本研究採用系統性文獻回顧方法，以結構性文獻搜索策略，於電子資料庫搜尋相關的隨機對照試驗（最新搜尋日期爲2017年6月5日）。本研究僅納入健康參與者且一年內具有泌尿道感染病史的英文研究，完成研究品質評估及資料提取後，以固定效應模式進行統合分析，評估使用蔓越莓萃取物後女性非複雜性泌尿道感染復發之風險比。
結果：
本研究共納入3篇隨機對照臨床實驗文獻，樣本規模偏小（參與者為49-182人）。隨機對照試驗統合分析的結果顯示，蔓越莓萃取物降低婦女非複雜性泌尿道感染復發的風險具有統計意義，但存在高度異質性（RR = 0.68; 95％CI = 0.48-0.98; I2 = 78％）。
結論：
目前現有的證據尚不足以證明蔓越莓萃取物可以有效預防婦女非複雜性泌尿道感染的復發，需要更多研究針對此議題進行調查。

Background:
Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) are common in women. Antibiotic resistance is gradually increasing with the increased use of antibiotics. Cranberry products have the potential as an alternative for antibiotics to overcome the problem of antibiotics resistance. We evaluated the effects of cranberry extract for the prevention of uncomplicated rUTIs in women.
Method:
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Clinicaltrial.gov databases were systemically searched up to 5 June 2017 for randomized controlled trials of cranberry extract versus placebo or no treatment. The search was limited to English-language human studies. Two reviewers performed data extraction independently. Summary estimate of risk ratio was obtained using a fixed-effect model.
Results:
We identified three trials that met the inclusion criteria for data synthesis. The three studies are of small sample sizes, ranging from 49 to 182 participants. Overall, cranberry extract was statistically significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of uncomplicated rUTIs (RR=0.68; 95% CI=0.48-0.98; I2=78%), but heterogeneity was high.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the strength of evidence is insufficient to prove the benefit of cranberry extract for the prevention of uncomplicated rUTIs in women. Whether cranberry extract can effectively prevent uncomplicated rUTIs in healthy women requires further studies.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 vi
Table Legends vii
Figure Legends vii
Background 1
Methods 3
Results 6
Discussion 8
Refferences 11
Appendix 1. Protocol 20
Appendix 2. Characteristics of the excluded studies 28
Appendix 3. Data Extraction Form and Risk of Bias Assessment tool 29
Appendix 4. Characteristics of included studies 38

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