臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

每天打開電視，行車紀錄器、監視器、民眾自拍影片po網爆料，這些第三方影音素材充斥新聞，回顧相關研究發現，原因在於家用攝影器材和智慧型手機的普及、Web2.0的興起，影音上傳、下載不再是難事、素人自拍影音和YouTube等新媒體崛起，尤其2008年YouTube熱潮席捲全球，新聞組織不免其外，取材於民增加了新聞的豐富性。除了台灣新聞圈「取材於民」，國際新聞亦然，2006年倫敦地鐵爆炸事件、2011年日本大海嘯等、2015年巴黎遭遇恐怖襲擊，百人死亡，國內外電視新聞使用素人拍攝影像發布新聞，都屢見不鮮。

本研究以高雄的電視新聞圈為例，探討使用第三方影音素材當成消息來源時，新聞產製過程中所產生的變化。本研究採用質性研究之參與觀察法和深度訪談法，因研究者身為新聞工作者一員，可親身觀察電視新聞作業時如何取用第三方影音素材，並深度訪談新聞工作者了解其相關脈絡，再以2014年七月高雄氣爆事件為例，探討電視記者如何使用第三方影音素材發佈氣爆事件新聞。

研究顯示，記者以往是以「人脈」做為第一線消息來源，但現今第三方影音素材盛行，「網搜」當道，這股風潮打破傳統媒體的採訪策略；而第三方影音素材的新聞價值在於畫面性極佳，但對提升電視新聞的公共性不大，查證困難；電視台之所以大量取用第三方影音素材，是因不願擴張投資人力，減少成本達到獲利；本研究將有助於電視新聞工作者了解取用第三方影音素材的利弊、記者專業度和守門行為所受之影響。

Everyday when you turn on the news,it is filled with dashboard camera, surveillance camera and videos taken by the public,postings on the internet for scoops. A review of literature suggests that it is due to the popularity of domestic camera devices and cellphones, as well as the rising of Web 2.0,uploading and downloading videos are no longer difficult, videos taken by laymen and the rise of new medias such as YouTube.Especially since 2008,YouTube gained popularity worldwide, unavoidably, news organizations crowdsourced and increased the richness of their news coverage.
Not only the news circle in Taiwan“crowdsouces”,but it is also seen in international news.From 2006 London Underground bombing,2011 Japan Tsunami, to 2015 Paris terrorist attack, with hundreds being killed, foreign television newsuses videos taken from the public as press releases are very common. The current research is based on the television news circle in Kaohsiung,and sets out to explore the changes in the production processes in news broadcast,when television news reporters are increasingly using third party audio and video as their news sources.Through a qualitative approach,the current research adopts participant observation and in-depth interviews.Since the researcher is a journalist himself, with personal observations on how television news utilizes third party audio and video materials,along with in-depth interviews with journalists,cameraperson and directors to understand the relevant context.The current research further uses the gas explosion incident that happened in Kaohsiung in July 2014 as an example,to explore how television news reporters use third party audio and video as a sources in their news coverage.
According to the interview results, the reporters used to rely on the “networking” as their reliable sources. However, with the popularity of third party audio and video materials, “web search” prevails. This trend has apparently changed the procedure of making a news report. On the other hand, the value of the third party videos are witnessing the first scene of the fast events. Nevertheless, it is difficult to verify the authenticity of the videos, but also scarcely improving the public interest of the TV news reports. The reason of TV stations tend to use the third party videos as the source materials is due to they are grudging to recruit journalists, in addition, cost down for more profit. This study is beneficial for journalists to realize the advantage and disadvantage of choosing the third party audios and videos as the source material of news reports. Also, the influence of both the journalistic professionalism and gatekeeping.

目錄
論文審定書-------------------------------------------------i
誌謝----------------------------------------------------------ii
中文摘要---------------------------------------------------iii
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------iv
第一章 緒論--------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究動機--------------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究背景--------------------------------------------------3
第三節 研究目的--------------------------------------------------6
第四節 研究問題--------------------------------------------------7
第二章 文獻與理論探討---------------------------------------8
第一節 電視新聞產製模式-------------------------------------8
第二節 電視新聞守門行為與新聞價值---------------------15
第三節 電視新聞記者與消息來源互動模式---------------31
第四節 科技發展對新聞之影響-------------------------------40
第五節 何謂第三方影音素材 --------------------------------- 48
第六節 氣爆個案研究背景--------------------------------------52
第三章 研究方法 -------------------------------------------------54
第一節 參與觀察法------------------------------------------------55
第二節 深度訪談法------------------------------------------------58
第三節 訪談對象選取---------------------------------------------59
第四節 訪談大綱---------------------------------------------------60
第四章 資料分析---------------------------------------------------62
第一節 記者採訪策略的轉型-----------------------------------62
第二節 第三方影音素材對新聞產製之衝擊----------------66
第三節 第三方影音素材之求證--------------------------------73
第四節 新聞工作者的認知、反抗與妥協-------------------80
第五章 結論與建議 ----------------------------------------------88
第一節 研究發現 --------------------------------------------------88
第二節 對電視新聞工作者與未來入行學子之建議-----96
第三節 研究貢獻 --------------------------------------------------99
第四節 研究限制與未來研究建議 ---------------------------101
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------104

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