人類是天生的未來規劃者（future-makers），即使對往後數十年的自我、他者、商業或城市都有創造想像的能力。正如Arjun Appadurai（2013: 286）所陳述，透過個人的「想像、期待和寄望」，人類的計劃能夠被感知且正當化，當中在這過程文化位居於最重要的位置。基於上述的前提，本研究以人類學的視角分析了臺北市如何透過市政計劃逐漸成為國際化城市，並且將焦點置放在兩個具體化完成此項目標的市政策略：執行YouBike公共單車分享系統，與舉辦鉅型運動盛會－國際世界大學運動會（Universiade）。
然而，兩個不同策略都對臺北市帶來了重大的影響，故本研究的民族誌分析著重於臺北市居民的國際化經驗，而此類經驗透過了多重的形式被具體化；都市與永續發展是長遠的計劃發展，並涉入了不同的行動者。藉由民族誌的探索，除了瞭解臺灣的國際化策略旨在改善臺北市的基礎結構、為國際上的大事件做好準備外，亦提供了一個當代亞洲城市如何發展永續交通系統的民族誌案例。從未來規劃的記錄之中，行動者的涉入召喚了深層的臺灣社會與當代發展理解；更進一步而言，這些國際化的操作同時也揭示臺北與世界上其他城市如何運用霸權方法作為改變的機制。

People are inherently future-makers, capable of creating tomorrow or that which lies decades away for themselves or others. From the processes of one’s “imagination, anticipation, and aspiration,” plans are conceived and justified, among which important notes of culture are revealed (Appadurai 2013: 286). From these starting points this research offers an anthropological analysis of the Taipei municipality as it works to become an increasingly internationalized city and two particular municipal strategies for actualizing this goal: implementing the YouBike bicycle-sharing system and hosting a mega-event, the Universiade.
Both strategies incur great change onto Taipei City itself, so this research ethnographically analyzes Taipei inhabitant’s experiences of the changes, the embodiment of which takes many forms. Acts of urban and sustainable development are the product of a lengthy planning process. This exploration into a Taiwanese case of internationalizing strategies offers an ethnographic example of a contemporary Asian city as it develops a sustainable transportation system in attempt to improve Taipei’s infrastructure and ready itself to host an international event. Documenting patterns of future-making, of the actor and the acted upon, yields deepening layers of understanding for Taiwanese society and contemporary development. Further, these mechanisms of internationalizing will be shown to function as homogenizing methods of change, in Taipei and cities around the world.

Contents


Acknowledgements 3
Abstract 5

Chapter 1: Taipei’s International Identity Concerns as Grounds to Contest the Norm 12
1.1 Introduction: Change for the better
1.2 The stakes of sovereignty in Taiwan: a brief overview
1.3 Approaching elements of international importance
1.4 The value of sustainable planning
1.5 The research question
1.6 Research dimensions
1.7 Setting the research scene
1.8 Conclusion: Appropriate methodology

Chapter 2: Literature Review 26
2.1 Introduction: Situating the problem in anthropology
2.2 The critical urban weapon: strategy, place, and Taipei City
2.3 Spatial planning and transit-oriented development in Taiwan
2.4 Introducing the megaproject
2.5 The future as a cultural fact

Chapter 3: An Anthropological Analysis of the YouBike Bicycle-sharing System 33
3.1 Introduction: Re-humanizing the transport experience
3.2 The autoethnographic method: corporeal linguistics
3.3 Ethnographic glimpses
3.4 Formal interviews
3.5 Freedoms and intrusions
3.6 Official statements

Chapter 4: Organizing International Projects: Discourses On Making Mega-Change 47
4.1 Introduction: the mega-farce
4.2 Athletic diplomacy: Chinese Taipei
4.3 Planning
4.4 The performance genre
4.5 Illuminating bureaucratic culture


Chapter 5: Organizational Anthropology Fieldwork 56
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Dancing bureaucracy’s ballet: gaining field site access
5.3 Planning to please internationally and the presentation of Taiwanese culture
5.4 The Taipei Dome: an opera of miscommunication
5.5 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Taiwan Against the World: Comparing Internationalizing Projects 72
6.1 Introduction: Worthy of comparison
6.2 Not according to plan: warnings along the way
6.3 Visions completed
6.4 Comparing event preparation
6.5 Conclusion

Chapter 7: Conclusion: Hegemonies of Change 79
7.1 Introduction: Reconsidering the fieldwork
7.2 Homogenizing international change
7.3 Limits of this research
7.4 Considerations for future research


Bibliography 84

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