臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要在探討幼兒教育教師主管支持、職家增益與工作倦怠的相互關聯性，以及職家增益在主管支持對工作倦怠影響中所扮演的中介效果。本研究採用調查研究法，以研究者修編之「幼兒教育教師主管支持、職家增益與工作倦怠問卷」為調查工具，研究母群體為新竹縣公私立幼兒園的幼兒教育教師共1,463人，採便利抽樣，共發出250份問卷，回收後使用描述性統計、迴歸以及結構方程式模式進行分析。研究初步發現：一、主管支持、職家增益能減緩幼兒教育教師的工作倦怠感；二、主管支持對職家增益有助益；三、職家增益能傳遞主管支持降低幼兒教育教師的工作倦怠感；四、整體模式適配度良好。最後，根據研究結果提出具體建議，供幼兒園主管、相關教育行政機關與未來研究之參考。

This study aimed at studying the effects of supervisory support and work-to-family enrichment on job burnout in kindergarten teachers and the mediation effect of work-to-family enrichment on the relationship between supervisory support on job burnout. This study utilized survey research with a “supervisory support and work-to-family enrichment on job burnout in kindergarten teachers” questionnaire designed by the author as the survey tool. The target group included a total of 1463 teachers of both public and private kindergartens in Hsinchu County. Convenience sampling was used and 250 questionnaires were distributed. The data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics, regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Major findings were: 1. supervisory support and work-to-family enrichment had a notably negative effect on job burnout ; 2. supervisory support had a significantly positive effect on work-to-family enrichment; 3.work-to-family enrichment had a certain degree of intermediary effects between supervisory support and job burnout; 4.the model showed a proper model fit. Finally, specific suggestions were proposed according to the research results, providing reference for future studies, kindergarten management, and related educational administrations.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iii
表次 v
圖次 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 6
第三節 研究範圍與限制 7
第四節 名詞釋義 8
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 主管支持 11
第二節 職家增益 16
第三節 幼兒教育教師工作倦怠 20
第四節 主管支持、職家增益與工作倦怠間的關係 28
第三章 研究設計與實施 33
第一節 研究架構 33
第二節 研究對象 34
第三節 研究步驟 35
第四節 研究工具 38
第五節 資料分析 46
第四章 研究結果 49
第一節 幼兒教育教師主管支持、職家增益以及工作倦怠之現況 49
第二節 幼兒教育教師的主管支持、職家增益和工作倦怠的相互關係 57
第三節 職家增益對於幼兒教育教師主管支持與工作倦怠關係的中介效果及整體結構模式分析 61
第五章 結論與建議 71
第一節 結論 71
第二節 建議 73
參考文獻 77
壹、中文部份 77
貳、英文部分 80
附錄 93
附錄一 問卷 93
附錄二 問卷同意書 96

一、中文部份
內政部統計處（2016）。105年第42週內政統計通報。取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=11152
行政院主計處（2015）。104年家庭收支調查結果綜合分析。取自http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/a11.asp?year=104
李佳怡（2000）。知覺組織支持對員工工作態度影響之研究（未出版論文）。中山大學，高雄市。
李和健（2007）。工作限制、家庭責任與職家衝突之關聯：以社會支持為調節因子（未出版論文）。中央大學，桃園市。
吳明隆、涂金堂（2006）。SPSS與統計應用分析。臺北市：五南。
林芳菁（2009）。幼兒教師工作壓力與離職傾向之研究—以臺南地區為例。屏東教育大學學報，32，65-100。
高旭繁、陸洛、陸昌勤（2008）。工作與家庭的要求和資源，工作-家庭衝突及其後果-臺灣與大陸的比較。中國經濟評論，8（9），39-47。
張曉春（1983）。專業人員工作疲乏研究模式—以社會工作員為例。思與言，21（1），66-79。
張婷婷、陸洛、郭靜宜（2012）。工作資源對工作-家庭衝突及工作表現之影響。組織與管理，5（2），101-135。
張婷婷、陸洛、潘君鳳（2012）。工作與家庭的雙向增益：前因，後果及互依我的調節作用。中華心理學刊，54（4），471-493。
陸洛（2013）。職家平衡在臺灣：一個發展中國家的現況。應用心理研究，59，49-79。
陸洛、張妤玥（2015）。主管支持、工作對家庭增益及情緒耗竭之關聯：夫妻之行動者─伴侶互依模式。本土心理學研究，44，73-116。
陳珮雯（2014）。幼兒園老師為什麼出走。親子天下雜誌，60，24-32。
馮靖惠（2015）。薪少太血汗大學幼保系進冷宮。取自http://udndata.com/
陳志忠、王翊安、吳守從（2016）。探討餐旅業員工正負向情感特質與組織公民行為、離職傾向之關係－兼論工作家庭衝突之中介效果。觀光與休閒管理期刊，4，67-80。
黃忠發、許文瓊、張力云（2005）。營建業工程人員離職行爲之調查與分析.。工程科技與教育學刊，2（4），427-439。
黃玉娟（2014）。屏東縣國民小學身心障礙班教師工作價值觀與工作倦怠之相關研究（未出版論文）。國立屏東教育大學，屏東縣。
曾國書（2010）。臺北縣國民小學總務人員工作壓力與工作倦怠關係之研究。（未出版論文）。國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。
詹萬廷（2002）。彰化縣國民小學校長行政決定方式對教師組織承諾影響之研究（未出版論文）。臺中師範學院，臺中市。
廖相如（2003）。桃竹苗四縣市國民小學教師成就動機、制握信念與工作倦怠關係之研究（未出版論文）。國立新竹師範學院，新竹縣。
潘正德（1995）。壓力管理。臺北：心理。
羅新興、周慧珍（2006）。組織成員知覺主管支持對其離職傾向之影響─探討工作負荷與成就動機之干擾作用。人力資源管理學報，6（4），67-80。 
二、英文部分
Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 414-435.
Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of management, 28(6), 787-810.
Kelly, A. L., & Berthelsen, D. C. (1995). Preschool teachers' experiences of stress. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11(4), 345-357.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publishers.
Barnett, R. C. (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 124(2), 125.
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of vocational behavior, 67(2), 169-198.
Blanch, A., Aluja, A., (2012). Social support (family and supervisor), work–family conflict, and burnout: Sex differences. Human Relations, 65(7), 811-833.
Burke, M. J., Borucki, C. C., & Hurley, A. E. (1992). Reconceptualizing psychological climate in a retail service environment: A multiple-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 717.
Beverly Hills., Chou, T.S. (1991). Review of research on the stress-burnout process. New York: Human Science.
Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 274-284.
Baron, R. M., Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Brotheridge, C. M., Lee, R. T. (2002). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365-379.
Batt, R., & Valcour, P. M. (2003). Human resources practices as predictors of work‐family outcomes and employee turnover. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 42(2), 189-220.
Brief, A. P., Nord, W. R. (1990). Meanings of occupational work: A collection of essays. MA: Lexington Books.
Bakker, A. B., Westman, M., van Emmerik, I. (2009). Advancements in crossover theory. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(3), 206-219.
Cherniss, C. (1980). Staff burnout: Job stress in the human services. New York: Human Science.
Crouter, A. C. (1984). Spillover from family to work: The neglected side of the work-family interface. Human relations, 37(6), 425-441.
Clark, S. C. (2001). Work cultures and work/family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 348-365.
Conflicts (2015). Journal of Management Development. Journal of Applied Psychology, 14, 77–88.
Cabrera, A., Collins, W. C., Salgade, J.F. (2006). Determinants of individual engagement in knowledge sharing. International Journal of Human Resource, 16(2), 720-35.
Chou, S., & Dennison, K. M. (1991). Analysis of interstrain variation in cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B sequences encoding neutralization-related epitopes. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 163(6), 1229-1234.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 131-164.
Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. Social support and health, 3, 3-22.
Carroll, J. F. X., White, L.W. (1982). Theory building: Integrating individual and conclusions. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 9(1), 28-44.
Day, A., Crown, S. N., & Ivany, M. (2017). Organisational change and employee burnout: The moderating effects of support and job control. Safety Science.
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of applied psychology, 75(1), 51.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500–507.
Elloy, D. F., & Patil, V. (2014). Self-Leadership and Burnout: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(9), 10.
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of management review, 25(1), 178-199.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff Burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-family balance. In, JC Quick & LE Tetrick. Handbook of occupational health psychology, 143-162.
Frone, M. R., Cooper, M. L. (1997). Relation of Work-Family Conflict Outcomes. Berkeley: Ronim.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work–family interface. Journal of vocational behavior, 50(2), 145-167.
Grzywacz, J. G. (2002). Toward a theory of work-family facilitation. In 34th Annual Theory Construction and Research Methodology Workshop. Houston, TX.
Greenberg, J. S. (2003). Comprehensive stress management. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2011). Work-family balance: A review and extension of the literature. Handbook of occupational health psychology, 2, 165-183.
Geurts, S. A., & Demerouti, E. (2003). Work/non-work interface: A review of theories and findings. The handbook of work and health psychology, 2, 279-312.
Gagnon, M.A., Michael, J.H. (2004). Outcomes of perceived supervisor support for wood production employees. Forest Products Journal, 54(12), 172-177.
Greenhaus, J. H., Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of management review, 31(1), 72-92.
Golembiewski, R. T., Munzenrider, R. F., Steveson, J. G. (1988). Centrality of burnout in a public agency: Multiple measurement supporting common conclusions. Review of Public Personnel Adminstration, 9(1), 28-44.
Griffin, M.A., Patterson, M.G., West, M.A. (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: the role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 537-550.
Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H. (2007). A multi-level perspective on the synergies between work and family. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 559-574.
Harrison, W. D. (1983). A Social Competence Model of Burnout, Stress and Burnout in the Human Service Professions. New York: Pergamon Press.
Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family issues, 26(6), 793-819.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. NY: Addison-Wesley.
Hyson, M. C. (1982). Playing with kids all day: Job stress in early childhood education. Young Children, 37(2), 25-32.
Holmes, E. (2005). Teacher Well-Being: Looking after yourself and your career in the classroom. New York: Routledge Falmer.
Hobfoll, S. E., Lilly, R. S. (1993). Resource conservation as a strategy for community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 128-148.
Haines, V. A., Hurlbert, J. S., & Zimmer, C. (1991). Occupational stress, social support, and the buffer hypothesis. Work and Occupations, 18(2), 212-235.
Hulland, J., & Richard Ivey School of Business. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Ilies, R., Schwind, K. M., & Heller, D. (2007). Employee well-being: A multilevel model linking work and nonwork domains. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 16(3), 326-341.
Kahill, S. (1988). Symptoms of professional burnout: a review of the empirical evidence. Canadian Psychology, 29, 284-297.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992). Perceptions of nonwork-to-work spillover: Challenging the common view of conflict-ridden domain relationships. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13(2), 231-249.
Kottke, J. L., Sharafinski, C. E. (1988). Measuring perceived supervisory and organizational support. Educational and psychological Measurement, 48(4), 1075-1079.
Katz, L. G., & Goffin, S. G. (1990). Issues in the preparation of teachers of young children. Yearbook in early childhood education, 1, 192-208.
Liu, L., Eby, M. T., Rathore, N., Sinha, S. K., Kumar, A., & Chaudhary, P. M. (2002). The human herpes virus 8-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein physically associates with and persistently activates the IκB kinase complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(16), 13745-13751
Langford, C. P. H., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lillis, P. P. (1997). Social support: a conceptual analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 25(1), 95-100.
Lu, L., Kao, S. F., Chang, T. T., Wu, H. P., & Cooper, C. L. (2008). Work/family demands, work flexibility, work/family conflict, and their consequences at work: A national probability sample in Taiwan. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(1), 1.
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of organizational behavior, 23(6), 695-706.
Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time and commitment. American Sociological Review, 25, 921-936.
Maslach, C. (1982). Job stress and burnout: research, theory, and intervention perspectives. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Munch, C. L. (1993). Hydrosweep, gravity, and magnetic data across an abandoned spreading center southeast of the Manihiki plateau. New York: Routledge Falmer.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory, Palo Jossey-Bass Publishers. Human Behavior, 5(9), 16-22.
Mei. Y. M., Lee, S. T., Al-Hawamdeh, S. (2004). Foumulating a communication stategy for effective Knowledge sharing. Journal of Information Science, 30(1), 12-22.
Mauno, S., Ruokolainen, M., & Kinnunen, U. (2013). Does aging make employees more resilient to job stress? Age as a moderator in the job stressor–well-being relationship in three Finnish occupational samples. Aging & Mental Health, 17(4), 411-422.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2013). Social support and work engagement: a study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(8), 1083-1090.
Potter, B. A. (1985). Beating job burnout: how to transform work pressure into productivity. Berkeley: Ronim.
Pines, A., Aroson, E. (1988). Career burnout causes and cures. New York: The free press.
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.
Rodgers (2003). A Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Employed Parents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 325-335.
Renzl, Brigit (2008). Trust in management and knowledge sharing: the mediating effects of fear and 32 knowledge documentation. Omega, 36, 206-220.
Roskies, E., Lazarus, R. S. (1980). Coping theory and the teaching of coping skills. In P. O. Davidson & F. M. Davidson. Behavioral Medicine: Changing Health and Life Style. New York: Brunner/ Marzel.
Ruderman, M. N., Ohlott, P. J., Panzer, K., & King, S. N. (2002). Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women. Academy of management Journal, 45(2), 369-386.
Rodgers, G., Rodgers, J. (1989). Precarious jobs in labour market regulation: The growth of atypical employment in Western Europe. Brussels: Free University of Brussels.
Swogger, G.J. (1981). Toward understanding stress: A map of territory. JOSH, 51(27), 27-35.
Shirey, M. R. (2004). Social support in the workplace: Nurse leader implications. Nursing Economics, 22(6), 313.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315.
Stamper, C.L., Johlke M.C. (2003). The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes. Journal of Management, 29(4), 569-588.
Shore, L. M., & Wayne, S. J. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 78(5), 774.
Selvarajan, T. T., Cloninger, P. A., & Singh, B. (2013). Social support and work–family conflict: A test of an indirect effects model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 486-499.
Susskind, A. M., Kacmar, K. M., & Borchgrevink, C. P. (2003). Customer service providers' attitudes relating to customer service and customer satisfaction in the customer-server exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 179.
Thomas, L. T., Ganster, C. D. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 230–257.
Tone Innstrand, S., Melbye Langballe, E., Arild Espnes, G., Falkum, E., & Gjerl W Aasland, O. (2008). Positive and negative work–family interaction and burnout: A longitudinal study of reciprocal relations. Work & Stress, 22(1), 1-15.
Talmor, R., Reiter , S., & Feigin, N. (2005). Factors relating to regular education teacher burnout in inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 20(2), 215-229.
Thompson, C. A., & Prottas, D. J. (2006). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 11(1), 100.
Watkins, K. E. (1995). Changing managers defensive reasoning about work/ family. Berkeley: Ronim.
Wayne, J. H., Randel, A. E., Stevens, J. (2006). The role of identity and work-family support in work-family enrichment and its work-related consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 445-461.
Wayne, J. H., Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Kacmar, K. M. (2007). Work–family facilitation: A theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences. Human resource management review, 17(1), 63-76.