臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文採集2014年7月到2016年2月位於亞熱帶都市(基隆)之總懸浮微粒(Total Suspended Particulates, TSP)，研究氮代多環芳香烴化合物在大氣中行為。多環芳香烴化合物（Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, PAHs）為一般環境中的汙染物，對生物體具有致癌性及毒性，主要由不完全燃燒行為產生。氮代多環芳香烴（Azaarenes）為多環芳香烴的衍生化合物，其結構為其一碳原子被氮原子取代。生物體可能吸入受汙染的空氣或攝入含有燃燒產物的食物或水而接觸到汙染物，進而累積在生物體內並造成影響。總氮代多環芳香烴化合物濃度(16項個別化合物濃度之總合)介於0.92~3.76 ng/m3之間，結果顯示氮代多環芳香烴化合物的濃度有明顯的季節性變化，在較冷月份濃度偏高。以分子量區分，以Methylquinoline所佔比例最高，7,8-Benzoquinoline, Acridine, Phenanthridine部分次之，冷月份期間Methylquinoline會從暖月份的30%~40%攀升至40% ~50% ；且各環數濃度相比，以二環佔最大部分，四環比例最低，而在冷、暖月份所佔比例呈現上有小幅度變動情形，在暖月份三環所占比例具有略微上升之現象，但其主要分布還是以二環化合物為主。汙染來源有當地的家庭燃燒、交通運輸排放、工廠燃燒石化燃料及大陸南下氣團帶來的沙塵，並依其來源或氣候狀況會影響化合物濃度高低及其組成比例。三環與四環氮代多環芳香烴間之相關性屬於高度相關，表示兩者在環境中的汙染來源極其相似。氮代多環芳香烴化合物濃度與環境溫度呈現中度負相關，與大氣懸浮微粒濃度呈現中度正相關，最後建立三個參數間的關係式，以推測出亞熱帶地區大氣中氮代多環芳香烴化合物之分布濃度。

In this study, we collected the Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) from July 2014 to February 2016 in the subtropical city (Keelung), and researched azaarene behavior over atmosphere. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, they have known carcinogens and/or mutagens, mainly produce from incomplete combustion. Azaarenes are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative compounds in which a carbon atom in one of the aromatic rings is substituted by a nitrogen atom. Organism exposure to azaarenes occurs through inhalation of polluted air and by ingestion of food and/or water containing combustion products and accumulate in the body. Total azaarene concentration (16 individual compound concentration of the aggregate) is between 0.92 to 3.76 μg/m3, results showed that the concentration of azaarenes have significant seasonal variation, they have higher concentration in the cold month. In molecular weight, the highest proportion is Methylquinoline and then is 7,8-Benzoquinoline, Acridine, Phenanthridine part, Methylquinoline would rise from 30%~40% to 40%~50% during the cold month and warm months. Compared to ring number, 2-rings are biggest part, the smallest is 4-rings, its ratio has slight variation, but primary species is 2-rings. Emissions from transportation, local housing heating, factories burning fossil fuels and dust from Mainland south air mass are pollutant, their sources and climate conditions can affect concentration and composition of compound. There are highly significant correlation between 3-rings and 4-rings, which suggests that there are similar source strengths and transport mechanisms for these compounds. Correlation between concentration of azaarenes and ambient temperature is negative moderation, with concentration of atmospheric suspended particles is positive moderate correlation. Finally, we establish the relationship between the three parameters to predict concentration of azaarenes over atmosphere of subtropical regions.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VI
附錄目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機 1
1.3研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1大氣懸浮微粒的簡介 3
2.2多環芳香烴化合物 3
2.3氮代多環芳香烴化合物 4
2.4氮代多環芳香烴化合物的特性 4
2.5氮代多環芳香烴化合物的來源 5
2.6氮代多環芳香烴化合物的環境模式 5
第三章 研究方法 7
3.1採樣地點介紹 7
3.2採樣時間與儀器 7
3.3樣本分析儀器 7
3.4標準品及試劑配製 8
3.5濾紙樣本前處理與保存 9
3.6氮代多環芳香烴化合物分析 9
3.6.1溶劑萃取 9
3.6.2酸鹼分離 10
3.6.3氣相層析質譜儀 10
3.6.4資料處理 11
3.7相關性分析 11
第四章 結果與討論 15
4.1研究區域之氣象資料 15
4.2大氣懸浮微粒 15
4.3氮代多環芳香烴化合物的濃度 16
4.3.1鑑別大氣中氮代多環芳香烴化合物 16
4.3.2大氣中氮代多環芳香烴化合物與其同分異構物物種之鑑別 16
4.3.3氮代多環芳香烴化合物季節性濃度變化 17
4.3.4氮代多環芳香烴化合物的比例分布 17
4.4樣本中歧異值探討 18
4.5氮代多環芳香烴化合物濃度之相關性分析 19
4.5.1氮代多環芳香烴化合物二環、三環及四環之相關性 19
4.5.2氮代多環芳香烴化合物濃度與溫度和大氣懸浮微粒濃度之相關性 20
4.6氮代多環芳香烴濃度與溫度和大氣懸浮微粒濃度之複迴歸分析 21
4.7氮代多環芳香烴化合物氣態與顆粒態分布 23
4.8文獻濃度比較 25
第五章 結論 26
參考文獻 28

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