臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據行政院國家發展委員會報告中指出，我國將於2025年邁入超高齡社會，屆時65歲以上高齡人口將占總人口的百分之20，而高齡化所帶來社會、經濟、財政、醫療、福利等問題將會對台灣造成一定程度的衝擊。加上近年來全球氣候變遷，導致災害和極端氣候屢見不顯，例如2009年的莫拉克颱風，造成南台灣相當嚴重的災情。然而許多研究指出，高齡者在面臨災害時屬於弱勢群體，死亡的比例較其他群體來的高，故本研究將從高齡者的角度，探討面臨颱洪災害時，影響高齡者從事調適行為之因素。

本研究依據保護動機理論、個人氣候變遷保護調適模型和高齡者脆弱度相關文獻，建構出高齡者颱洪災害調適行為模型作為理論基礎，透過問卷訪談和二項羅吉特迴歸，得出高齡者颱洪災害調適行為之影響因素。從結果可以發現，災前整備主要受到災害經驗、災害心理壓力、生理因素、社會網絡、自我評估、感知調適效用、年齡和教育程度的影響；災時避難主要受到感知嚴重性、社會資本、性別和年齡影響；調適意圖則同時對災前整備和災時避難有影響。另外，高齡獨居者在工具性日常生活活動能力優於非獨居者，但在社會網絡和災時調適意圖則小於非獨居者。災時需要他人協助避難者，相較於能自行完成者，取得較少民間團體資源。能自行完成災前整備者，相較於他人協助者，有較小的社會網絡，相較於部份協助者，取得較少政府單位資源。

According to the report of National Development Council, Taiwan is about to enter the super-aged society in 2025, people over 65 years old will reach 20 percent of the total population at that time. Aging will cause serious problems on social, economic, financial, medical, welfare and other issues in Taiwan. Global climate change has caused disasters and extreme weather in recent years. For example, typhoon Morakot caused serious disaster in southern Taiwan in 2009. However, many studies have pointed out that the elderly is more vulnerable than other groups, and more likely to be killed in disasters. Therefore, this study is going to find out the determinants that affect the elderly’s typhoon disaster adaptation hehaviours.

This study constructs the determinants model of the elderly’s typhoon disaster adaptation behaviours, which is based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), Model of private proactive adaptaion to climate change and the literature on the vulnerability of the elderly. Based on the results of questionnaires and binary logistic regression, the determinants of the elderly’s typhoon disaster adaptation behaviours were obtained. It can be found that pre-disaster adaptation behaviours are mainly affected by disaster experience, psychological pressure, physiological factor, social network, perceived self-efficacy, perceived adaptation efficacy, resource obtain, age, education level and adaptation intention. Adaptation behaviour during the disaster are mainly affected by perceived severity, social capital, gender, age and adaptation intention. In addition, the elderly that living alone has better instrument activities of daily living than the elderly that not living alone, while the social networks and adaptation intention are smaller than the elderly that not living alone. People who need help with adaptation behaviour during the disaster get less resources from the non-governmental organization than people who don’t need help. People who don’t need help with pre-disaster adaptation behaviours have smaller social network than people who need complete help. People who don’t need help with pre-disaster adaptation behaviours get less resources from the government than people who need partial help.

目錄 I
圖目錄 II
表目錄 III
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究範圍 5
第四節 研究方法 9
第五節 研究限制 10
第六節 研究流程架構 11
第二章 文獻回顧 12
第一節 調適相關基本定義 12
第二節 調適行為 15
第三節 高齡者災害調適與應變 21
第四節 災害相關計畫 36
第三章 研究設計 40
第一節 研究架構設計 40
第二節 資料分析與抽樣 49
第三節 問卷設計 52
第四章 實證結果分析 61
第一節 敘述性統計分析 61
第二節 主成分分析 82
第三節 二項羅吉特迴歸 86
第四節 獨立雙樣本T檢定 114
第五節 變異數分析 122
第五章 結論與建議 129
第一節 結論 129
第二節 建議 132
參考文獻 133
附錄一 民眾問卷 142
附錄二 敘述性統計表 147

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