臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鋼纖維混凝土於ACI318-08中已允許使用於RC結構物中，取代最少剪力鋼筋；惟台灣處於高溫高濕的環境，大氣中帶有鹽分，且結構物在使用年限中時常受工作載重產生裂縫，使得外界氯離子能直接侵入混凝土內部，降低建物耐久性，尤其當鋼纖維因為外界氯離子侵入而鏽蝕時，會加速構件劣化。
本研究透過不同水灰比及添加不同體積取代率的鋼纖維，設計相關實驗來探討混凝土水灰比高低及高強度鋼纖維混凝土梁受工作應力產生裂縫後之耐久性行為。其中實驗分成三大步驟，首先為預裂試驗，再來是鹽霧加速劣化試驗，最後是抗彎試驗及氯離子濃度檢測。預裂試驗模擬真實梁結構在受到工作應力下，在拉力區產生撓曲裂縫情形；鹽霧加速劣化試驗則模擬外界環境經過多年鹽害後腐蝕發展情況；而抗彎試驗則將經過鹽霧加速劣化之試體加載至極限載重，並觀測多項數據來評估劣化處理後梁試體的力學及韌性行為表現，並於試驗後將裂縫處混凝土取出進行氯離子濃度檢測。
由預裂試驗結果顯示，高強度未添加鋼纖維之梁試體在工作載重下之裂縫寬度遠大於普通強度混凝土試體，而在添加鋼纖維之後，裂縫寬度有明顯改善變小的情況。而在鹽霧加速劣化試驗中腐蝕電流密度的量測初步結果顯示，普通強度混凝土之試體有最高的腐蝕電流密度，其次為高強度未添加鋼纖維之試體，而添加鋼纖維之試體則有最低的腐蝕電流密度。然而由於梁試體之設計是模擬實際結構使用之尺寸，鋼筋號數較大且有符合規範之保護層厚度，因此要使其產生較明顯之腐蝕效果需要較長時間的試驗，因此本研究未進行最後之力學試驗，僅整理出未來力學試驗之評估指標，提供給後續學者繼續完成此實驗，以驗證具工作應力裂縫之高強度鋼纖維鋼筋混凝土之耐久性及腐蝕後力學行為。

As stated in ACI 318-08, the steel fiber is allowed to be used as minimum shear reinforcement in RC structures. However, the climate in Taiwan is toride and humid with high saltinity in the air and the working load usually induce the cracks in the service life of concrete structure. For these reasons, the chloride ion may penetrate into the concrete easier, and therefore reduce the durability of the structures. Further, the steel fibers corrode and weaken the concrete sturctures.
This study investigates the water-cemnt ratio and the addition of the steel fibers which influence the durability of the normal and high strength concrete with working stress cracks. The experiment was divided into three parts, including pre-cracking test, salt spray test, and flexural test. Pre-cracking test is to simulate the formation of flexureal cracks which are caused by working stress. Salt spray test is to simulate the corrosion situation of cracked beam under the salt environment for many years. Flexural test is to evaluate the residual mechanical behaviors and toughness of corroded beam. After these tests, the concrete around the cracks will be removed from beam and starts the chloride penetration test.
According to the results of pre-cracking test, the crack width of the high strength concrete without steel fiber is larger than normal strength concrete. With the addition of the steel fiber, the cracks width reduced apparently. According to the results of salt spray test, the corrosion current denstity (Icorr) of normal strength concrete is the highest. The second highest Icorr is high strength concrete without steel fiber and the lowest Icorr is the concrete with steel fiber. However, the beam specimems was deisgned following the guideline of ACI 318-14; thus, it takes more time for reinforcement to corrod severely. In this study, the flexural test isn’t conducted, but the evalution index used in the flexural test was provided for future study in verifying the durability and residual mechanical behavior of steel fiber high strength concrete with working stress cracks.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 vi
圖表目錄 xii
圖目錄 xiv
照片目錄 xviii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 動機與目的 1
1.2 研究內容與方法 2
第二章、文獻回顧 4
2.1 高強度鋼筋混凝土介紹 4
2.1.1 高強度混凝土 4
2.1.2 高強度鋼筋 5
2.2 端鉤型鋼纖維之拉拔行為 6
2.2.1 端鉤型鋼纖維之拉拔機制 6
2.2.2 端鉤型鋼纖維之拉拔能量預測模型 7
2.2.3 等效握裹強度 15
2.3 鋼纖維鋼筋混凝土梁之力學強度 16
2.3.1 設計基本方法 16
2.3.2 鋼纖維鋼筋混凝土梁之撓曲強度 17
2.3.3 鋼纖維鋼筋混凝土梁之剪力強度 18
2.4 各國允許最大裂縫寬度規範 20
2.5 孔隙結構 21
2.5.1 混凝土之孔隙結構 21
2.5.2 鋼纖維與基材之介面微觀結構 22
2.5.3 水灰比與齡期對孔隙結構之影響 23
2.5.4 卜作嵐摻料對孔隙結構之影響 24
2.6 混凝土中之氯離子 25
2.6.1 氯離子之來源與存在形式 25
2.6.2 氯離子之傳輸路徑及其機制 26
2.6.3 粒料及纖維對氯離子傳輸之影響 28
2.6.4 載重裂縫對氯離子傳輸之影響 30
2.7 混凝土中之氯離子擴散行為 34
2.7.1 擴散方程式與擴散係數 35
2.7.2 水灰比對擴散係數之影響 37
2.7.3 水化時間對擴散係數之影響 38
2.7.4 卜作嵐摻料對擴散係數之影響 39
2.7.5 載重裂縫對擴散係數之影響 40
2.8 鋼筋腐蝕 41
2.8.1 鋼筋之腐蝕機制 42
2.8.2 影響混凝土中鋼筋腐蝕之因素 43
2.8.3 腐蝕鋼筋之力學性質 46
2.8.4 混凝土中鋼筋腐蝕之檢測 47
2.8.5 鋼纖維添加對鋼筋腐蝕檢測之影響 52
2.8.6 載重裂縫對鋼筋腐蝕檢測之影響 55
2.8.7 腐蝕型態對鋼筋腐蝕檢測之影響 56
2.8.8 腐蝕電流密度預測模型 57
2.9 鹽霧試驗 62
2.10 大氣腐蝕測試規範 63
2.10.1 ISO、CNS大氣腐蝕環境之分類 63
2.10.2 大氣腐蝕之金屬試片腐蝕速率量測 66
第三章、腐蝕鋼筋混凝土梁殘餘強度實驗統整 69
3.1 預裂方法 69
3.1.1 乾縮裂縫 69
3.1.2 人工裂縫 70
3.1.3 載重預裂 72
3.1.4 各預裂方式比較 73
3.2 加速腐蝕實驗 74
3.2.1 外加電流加速腐蝕 74
3.2.2 浸泡鹽水 79
3.2.3 鹽霧室 80
3.2.4 各加速腐蝕實驗比較 85
3.3 腐蝕後行為評估指標 86
3.3.1 裂縫特徵 86
3.3.2 使用性 86
3.3.3 殘餘強度 88
3.3.4 韌性 91
第四章、實驗計畫 93
4.1 實驗內容 93
4.1.1 實驗背景 93
4.1.2 實驗架構 93
4.2 試驗材料及配比設計 94
4.2.1 試驗材料 94
4.2.2 配比設計 102
4.3 試體設計 103
4.3.1 抗壓圓柱試體 103
4.3.2 抗彎實驗梁試體 103
4.3.3 撓曲強度 103
4.3.4 剪力強度 105
4.4 梁試體製作 106
4.4.1 鋼筋應變計黏貼 106
4.4.2 試體澆置 107
4.5 大氣腐蝕性測定標準試片製作 109
4.6 試驗儀器設備 110
4.7 量測系統 116
4.7.1 內部應變計 116
4.7.2 電阻式變位計(LVDT) 116
4.7.3 裂縫量測 117
4.7.4 影像量測 117
4.8 試驗項目 118
4.8.1 抗壓試驗 118
4.8.2 預裂試驗 119
4.8.3 鹽霧室加速劣化試驗 120
4.8.4 鋼筋腐蝕電流密度量測 120
4.8.5 裂縫量測 121
4.8.6 金屬試片重量損失法 122
4.8.7 抗彎實驗 123
4.8.8 裂縫處氯離子濃度檢測 123
4.8.9 鋼筋重量損失法 127
第五章、初步實驗結果與討論 128
5.1 圓柱抗壓試驗 128
5.2 預裂試驗 131
5.2.1 鋼筋應變計量測 132
5.2.2 工作載重下裂縫特徵 138
5.3 鹽霧室加速劣化試驗 145
5.3.1 鋼筋腐蝕電流密度 146
5.3.2 鋼筋腐蝕重量損失率 148
第六章、未來實驗評估指標 150
6.1 鹽霧室環境腐蝕程度 150
6.2 鋼筋腐蝕量 150
6.2.1 鋼筋腐蝕電流密度預測 150
6.2.2 腐蝕梁試體殘餘強度預測 151
6.2.3 理論與實際鋼筋重量損失關係 151
6.3 梁抗彎試驗 152
6.3.1 裂縫特徵 152
6.3.2 使用性 152
6.3.3 殘餘撓曲強度 153
6.3.4 韌性比 153
6.4 氯離子擴散行為評估 153
6.4.1 開裂處與未開裂處之氯離子濃度 154
6.4.2 開裂處與未開裂處之擴散係數 154
第七章、結論與建議 155
7.1 結論 155
7.2 建議 156
參考文獻 157
附錄A普通強度混凝土梁試體設計圖 171
附錄B 高強度混凝土梁試體設計圖 172
附錄C鹽霧室環境腐蝕程度 173
附錄D 梁試體內拉力筋編號及總重量 174
附錄E 試體鋼筋之理論與實際重量損失表 175
附錄F 試體於使用載重下之裂縫特徵 176
附錄G 試體於使用載重下之中點位移比 177
附錄H 試體於四點抗彎試驗中結果與鋼筋腐蝕狀況 178
附錄I 試體於四點抗彎試驗中各階段之載重及位移 179
附錄J 試體於四點抗彎試驗中韌性指數 180
簡歷 181

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