臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

連續全球衛星定位系統觀測結果顯示，相對於澎湖白沙測站(S01R)蘭嶼至海岸山脈間的速度場約為40.5 - 93.6 公厘/年，方位角為307o - 333o；中央山脈與花東縱谷的測站之速度場約為19.0 - 49.3公厘/年，方位角為285o - 318o；至於西部褶皺逆衝代間之測站速度場為14.2 - 45.5公厘/年方位角為284o - 304o。中大型地震對於應變率之影響可經由連續全球衛星定位系統觀測而獲得，關於集集地震(1999, 規模=7.6)後地表位移變化明顯而旋轉變化不大，相對的成功地震(2003, 規模=6.8)後區域性的變化僅在主震附近有較大的旋轉率變化，而更次要的地震，例如: 2005, 規模=5.9宜蘭雙主震及規模=5.6的花蓮地震都僅在區域有重要的影響但對全台灣並無明顯的影響。經由聯合反演重新研究並解算2010年於台灣西南部發生的甲仙地震資料(連續全球衛星定位系統、遠震站及強震站)發現該地震主要由一北311°東 傾角33° 朝東北的逆衝含左移斷層控制指向與旗山轉換帶(CTFZ)有關，另一方面次要的斷層面滑動顯示為一個北20°東的逆衝斷層此為龍船斷層與龍船背斜一帶之構造活動。在甲仙地震時西北-東南的逆衝斷層和應力反演均顯示地震時最大水平應力壓縮方向為東北-西南向此與台灣主要的西北-東南向壓縮方向非常不同。

With respect to Paisha station, S01R, the stations of Coastal Range to Lanyu showed an average displacement of 40.5 - 93.6 mm/yr towards azimuth 307o - 333o. The stations in the Central Range and Longitudinal Valley revealed velocities in the range 19.0 - 49.3 mm/yr towards azimuths 285o - 318o. In western Taiwan, the velocities in the inner fold-and-thrust belt range from 14.2 to 45.5 mm/yr in directions 284o - 304o. Large and medium size earthquakes affect the strain rate pattern revealed by CGPS, albeit in different ways: regional extension and displacement were large and rotations rate were small regarding the Mw=7.6, ChiChi earthquake. In contrast, limited size of affected area, moderate displacement and large rotations rate characterized the 2003, Mw=6.8 Chengkung earthquake. The impact of smaller earthquakes such as the 2005, Mw=5.9 Ilan double earthquakes and the 2005, Mw=5.6 Hualien earthquake was locally significant but regionally minor. A new interpretation is proposed for the 2010 Jiashian earthquake (Mw 6.4) which occurred on March 4, 2010 in southwestern Taiwan. We obtain the slip distribution on a two-faults model by the joint inversion of all three datasets (CGPS, teleseismic, and strong-motion). It corresponds to a N311°E fault dipping 33° to the NE, with left-lateral – reverse oblique slip, likely related to the Chishan Transfer Fault Zone (CTFZ). We find that the earthquake started with a sharp slip patch localized at the hypocenter. The secondary rupture plane is a N20°E thrust fault related to the Lungchuan anticline. Faulting on the main NW-SE plane during the Jiashian earthquake and stress inversions from previous studies both suggest a direction of maximum horizontal compression oriented NE-SW in the area of the earthquake, very different from the dominant NW-SE compression direction in Taiwan.

誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 2
1.2 BACKGROUND 6
1.3 MOTIVATION 7
Chapter 2 Methodology of Global Positioning System and Joint Inversion 8
2.1 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 9
2.2 TAIWAN CGPS NETWORK 9
2.3 PRECISE COORDINATES ANALYSIS 12
2.3.1 Global Reference Frame 12
2.3.2 Daily CGPS solutions 15
2.3.3 Time Series Analysis 17
2.4 INVERSION METHODOLOG 20
Chapter 3 GPS Crustal Deformation,Strain Rate and Seismic Activity after the 1999 ChiChi Earthquake in Taiwan 24
3.1 INTRODUCTION 25
3.2 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING 31
3.2.1 The Continuous GPS Network 31
3.2.2 GPS Data Processing 32
3.2.3 Improved Time Series 34
3.2.4 Determination of Strain Rate from CGPS Data 34
3.3 CHANGES IN DEFORMATION PATTERNS RELATED TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES 36
3.3.1 Major Earthquakes in Taiwan, 2003-2005 36
3.3.2 CGPS Time Series and Velocities 38
3.3.3 Spatial Variation of Crustal Strain Rates in Taiwan 48
3.3.4 Rotation Components 51
Chapter 4 Reassessing the rupture of the 2010 Jiashian Earthquake 54
4.1 INTRODUCTION 55
4.1.1 Tectonic Setting 55
4.1.2 The Mainshock 59
4.1.3 Previous Works on the Slip Inversion of the Jiashian mainshock 60
4.2 SEISMIC AND GEODETIC DATASETS 62
4.2.1 Teleseismic Data (TELE) 62
4.2.2 Local Strong Motion Data (SM) 62
4.2.3 GPS Data 66
4.3 INVERSION METHODOLOGY 72
4.4 FAULT MODEL AND INVERSION RESULT 74
4.4.1 Single-Segment Model. 74
4.4.2 Two-Segments Model 77
Chapter 5 Discussions and Conclusions 87
5.1 POSTSEISMIC OF CHICHI EARTHQUAKE 88
5.1.1 Coseismic and Postseismic Disturbance in the time period 2003-2005 88
5.1.2 Velocity Before and After the ChiChi Earthquake 90
5.1.3 Temporal Variation of Crustal Strain Rate in Taiwan 92
5.1.4 Summary of Geodetic Results and Insights for Seismic Activity 93
5.2 COSEISMIC OF JIASHIAN EARTHQUAKE 96
5.2.1 Localized Slip Patch at the Hypocenter Corresponding to a Marked Initial Pulse on the Source Time Function 96
5.2.2 Activation of the Secondary Fault Plane (Plane 2) Related to the Lungchuan Anticline: Seismic or Post-Seismic Rupture? 98
5.2.3 Did Rupture on Plane 2 Constitute a Continuous Coseismic Rupture with Plane 1, or a Distinct Event? 101
5.2.4 Relation with the Chishan Transfer Fault Zone (CTFZ) and Meinong Earthquake 102
5.3 CONCLUSIONS 106
REFERENCE 109

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