臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

銀葉粉蝨 (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) 危害作物廣泛且為許多重要植物病毒之媒介昆蟲，是設施農業上的重要經濟害蟲，因其抗藥性發展迅速，使得尋找非農藥防治方式搭配使用相當重要。物理防治中經常使用顏色誘捕來控制粉蝨族群數量，顏色誘殺係利用害蟲對特定區間光波長的趨性，將害蟲吸引至陷阱殺害。然昆蟲視覺不只受光波長影響尚有許多其他因子待探討。本研究係探討形狀、與背景的對比、光波長、光強度以及附加光源等因素對粉蝨視覺的影響，改良現有資材並於溫室進行試驗測試改良後陷阱之成效。試驗結果如下：室內多重選擇試驗中銀葉粉蝨較偏好圓形及正方形，但圖形在粉蝨視覺中並不是主要的影響因子；不論在室內裝置或是自然光環境，黑色背景與誘集物形成的明暗對比皆可以提高銀葉粉蝨的偏好性，然而在田間使用上，需一併考慮黑色背景使陷阱光強度降低所造成的誘引率下降；黃綠光 (500-600 nm) 波段對銀葉粉蝨具誘引力，藍紫光 (400-490 nm) 區間中則有未知的波段對銀葉粉蝨具有驅離的效果，若兩區段光源共同出現時藍紫光會抑制粉蝨受到黃綠光誘引；波長峰值為 516 nm 之綠光發光二極體光源對粉蝨具誘引效果，但搭配慣用之黃色黏紙短期使用無法提高黏紙陷阱誘引效力。

The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) is a serious pest and a virus vector of various crops, especially in agricultural facilities. Exploration of non-chemical methods to control this pest is necessary because whiteflies rapidly develop resistance to many classes of insecticides. Physical control techniques such as color traps are used frequently to reduce whitefly populations. Color traps utilize the attractiveness of specific wavelength ranges to insects. However, other factors that affect insect visual attraction behavior should also be discussed. This study focuses on how shapes, background colors, light wavelengths, light intensities and addictional light sources affect visual attraction to whiteflies, and also how modified traps contribute to whitefly management in agricultural facilities. Results show that among the four shapes of our multi-choice experiment, whiteflies preferred circles and squares. Black background enhanced the proportion of whiteflies trapped in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, but may reduce light intensity and result in lower attractiveness when used in a field setting. Yellow-green light (500-600 nm) was found to attract whiteflies. Blue-violet light (400-490 nm) was shunned by whiteflies and suppressed the attractiveness of yellow-green lights when combined, suggesting there is a wavelength range in blue-violet light that is repulsive to whiteflies, although this range is still unknown. Green light emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelength peak at 516 nm combined with clear sticky cards significantly increased attractiveness to whiteflies. But attractiveness of yellow sticky trap with LEDs showed no difference to traps without LEDs.

口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖次 vi
表次 vii
壹、前言 1
貳、往昔研究 3
一、昆蟲視覺 3
二、銀葉粉蝨生活史 5
三、銀葉粉蝨視覺構造及偏好 6
四、利用視覺對銀葉粉蝨進行防治 7
參、材料與方法 11
一、供試蟲源飼養 11
二、樣品光學性質之量測 11
三、室內多重選擇試驗 11
四、顏色驅避試驗 12
五、溫室誘引力試驗 13
六、統計分析 15
肆、結果 16
一、室內多重選擇試驗 16
二、顏色驅避試驗 17
三、溫室誘引力試驗 18
伍、討論 20
一、銀葉粉蝨對圖形之偏好 20
二、銀葉粉蝨對具背景色黏紙之偏好 20
三、藍色對銀葉粉蝨驅避試驗 21
四、新式黏蟲紙對粉蝨之誘引效力 22
五、LED 燈光陷阱對銀葉粉蝨之誘引效力 23
陸、結論 25
柒、參考文獻 39

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