隨著電腦效能與顯示技術的進步，虛擬實境(Virtual Reality)成為了沈浸式體 驗中的顯學。在傳統的視覺與聽覺回饋之外，觸覺回饋是提升在虛擬環境中沈浸 感的關鍵之鑰。而比起接觸式的觸覺，非接觸式觸覺因為產生的延遲、強度的不 足又更難以與視覺、聽覺融合。為了模擬虛擬實境中操作時的非接觸式觸覺，我 們研發了一個半指向型的風回饋系統。我們希望能夠透過不同方向的風回饋增加 使用者在虛擬實境中的沈浸感。並藉由一系列者研究來探討人類手部對於風回饋 的認知能力，接著再探討視覺對於手部認知能力的影響，最終透過實驗證明有方 向性的風回饋可以有效提升使用者的沈浸感。

As the progress of computation ability and display technology, Virtual Reality has become the mainstream of immersive experience. Besides visual and audio feedbacks, tactile feedback is the key to enhance the presence of virtual environment. Tactile feedback can be classified into contact tactile feedback and non-contact tactile feedback. Comparison with contact tactile feedback, non-contact tactile feedback is more difficult to integrate with virtual scene because the latency and intensity. To simulate the wind feedback of manipulation in the virtual environment, we develop a controller-based tactile device with fan array. We suppose that adopting directional wind can increase the immersion of users. To evaluate our hypothesis and device, we conducted three user studies to explore the cognitive function of human’s hand and the influence from vision. Finally, we prove that directional wind stimuli can improve the immersion effectively.

口試委員會審定書................................................................................................ #
誌謝.......................................................................................................... i
中文摘要...................................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... iii
CONTENTS..................................................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ viii
1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1
2 Relate Work ............................................................................................ 3
2.1 Haptic Technology in VR................................................................................. 3
2.2 Wind Feedback System.................................................................................... 4
2.3 Directional Tactile Display ............................................................................ 5
3 Design Consideration ................................................................................... 7
3.1 Wind Stimuli ........................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Resolution ............................................................................................. 7
3.1.2 Latency ................................................................................................ 7
3.1.3 Effective Zone ......................................................................................... 8
3.2 Somatosensory system ................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Body Location and Sensing Area ......................................................................... 8
3.2.2 Behavior and Interaction ............................................................................... 9
3.3.3 Alignment ............................................................................................. 10
4 Implementation......................................................................................... 12
4.1 Hardware .............................................................................................. 12
4.2 Algorithm ............................................................................................. 13
5 Evaluation ............................................................................................ 16
5.1 User Study 1: cognitive function measurement .......................................................... 16
5.2 User Study 2: Dynamic Wind Stimuli..................................................................... 20
5.3 User Study 3: Consistency and Immersion ............................................................... 24
5.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 29
6 Future Work ........................................................................................... 30
REFERENCE ................................................................................................... 31

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