臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

滲眉埤是位於桃園台地上一個約10公頃的灌溉用蓄水設施。在2014年，它被發現受來自周圍工廠排放的銅和鋅等重金屬嚴重污染，但沒有人承認這種行為。由於重金屬銅和鋅元素於工業製程中被廣泛的使用，因此要找出污染行為人是很大的挑戰。
在本研究中，應用環境鑑識科學的思維結合高階精密儀器Itrax-XRF岩芯掃描儀與多變量統計分析，輔以樹脂縮時記錄膠囊的使用透過分析快速追蹤污染源的有效監測方法去調查滲眉埤上游之污染源。滲眉埤底泥岩芯數據顯示在埤塘入水口附近的沉積物剖面中鋅、銅、鎳、鈣和硫與焚燒的飛灰具有相同的特徵，證明池邊的焚化廠曾經將飛灰非法排放至池塘。這家工廠在操作程序中使用廢氣除酸與重金屬半乾式處理技術，該方法係將大量的石灰溶液噴灑到灰塵和煙道氣中以中和酸性的SOx和NOx，以及將含重金屬之煙塵去除，因此集塵的同時含有高濃度的鈣、硫及重金屬，而周邊其他工廠屬於金屬表面處理與印刷電路板產業不具此特徵；另藉由底泥與樹脂縮時記錄膠囊監測結果建立追溯污染源之有效方法。本研究認為，Itrax-XRF岩芯掃描儀可以提供良好的靈敏度，多元素分類和連續的剖面數據，它可作為分析沉積物的指紋特徵有助於環境鑑識；而樹脂縮時記錄膠囊則可達溯源之功能，兩者結合成功的為滲眉埤污染案找出污染行為人。

Sheng Mei pond was a 10 hectares water storage facility for irrigation in Taoyuan. In 2014, it was found heavily polluted by heavy metals of Cu and Zn which came from surrounding manufactories'' discharges. Owing to extensive use of Cu and Zn in industrial It is very difficult to identify the polluter because of copper and zinc are widespread using in industrial.
In this study, we applied high precision instruments Itrax-XRF core scanner and multivariate statistical analysis to investigate this pollution case. We also use ion exchange resin packs which can effectively analyze the rapid tracking of pollution sources to investigate the source of pollution upstream. The sediment cores data showed that the concentrations of zinc, copper, nickel, calcium and sulfur near the inlet of the pond have the same structural characteristics with the ashes from incineration. This proves that the nearby incineration plant discharged the ashes to the pond. In operating procedures, this plant used semi-dry scrubber system which sprayed with a large amount of lime solution to the dust and the flue gas to neutralize acidic SOx and NOx, and removed dust which contained with heavy metal. Thus, it had very high concentration of calcium, sulfur and heavy metals in dust but other surrounding manufactories of surface treatment and printed circuit board sectors do not own these characteristics. It is an effective method that establishing retroactive sources of contamination by using sedimentation and ion exchange resin packs. This study considered that the Itrax core scanner can provide good sensitivity, multi-element classification and continuous core profile data. It can be used as analytical tools to clarify the fingerprint features of pollution source for the environmental forensics. Ion exchange resin packs has traceability to identify the pollutant source. The combination of the two method can be a powerful tool to identify the polluters.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 環境鑑識科學與技術 4
2.1.1 環境鑑識之簡介 4
2.1.2 環境鑑識科學應用面 6
2.1.3 環境鑑識與環境檢驗之分際 10
2.2 底泥重金屬 11
2.2.1 水體底泥組成及形成過程 11
2.2.2 底泥中重金屬之鍵結機制與鍵結型態 15
2.2.3 不同工業類別之重金屬特性與重金屬危害特性 17
2.3 滲眉埤污染事件案例探討 22
2.3.1 污染事件概述 22
2.3.2 污染事件歷程 23
2.3.3 污染場址調查資料 28
2.4 樹脂縮時記錄膠囊 29
第三章 研究方法 30
3.1 研究概念模型 30
3.2 研究流程 31
3.3 研究區域 34
3.3.1 滲眉埤簡介及其下游農地與灌區 34
3.3.2 滲眉埤上游灌排水路系統說明 37
3.4 研究方法 39
3.4.1 岩芯採樣器 39
3.4.2 Itrax-XRF岩芯掃描儀分析方法 40
3.4.3 污染案例上游溯源追查 50
3.4.4 多變量統計分析 54
第四章 結果與討論 57
4.1 環境鑑識-滲眉埤污染案 57
4.1.1 Itrax-XRF岩芯剖面探討 57
4.1.2 多變量統計分析 64
4.2 滲眉埤上游污染源追查 73
4.2.1 渠道底泥調查 73
4.2.2 圳路調查利器─樹脂縮時包 79
第五章 結論與建議 83
參考文獻 85

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