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研究生:陳柏成
研究生(外文):Po-Cheng Chen
論文名稱:日本沼蝦族群結構與地理親緣之研究
論文名稱(外文):Population Structure and Phylogeography of Macorbrachium nipponense
指導教授:李英周李英周引用關係曾宗德曾宗德引用關係朱達仁朱達仁引用關係
指導教授(外文):Ying-Chou LeeTzong-Der TzengTa-Jen Chu
口試日期:2017-06-29
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:漁業科學研究所
學門:農業科學學門
學類:漁業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:94
中文關鍵詞:日本沼蝦族群結構地理親緣形態變異族群參數陸封兩側洄游
外文關鍵詞:Macrobrachium nipponensepopulation structurephylogeographymorphometric variationpopulation parameterland-lockdiadromous
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日本沼蝦 (Macrobrachium nipponense),分佈於整個東亞地區,為中國、日本及臺灣重要的經濟性蝦種,具有兩側洄游及陸封兩種不同生活史的型態。中國及日本都已對該國日本沼蝦之族群結構進行研析,且對兩側洄游及陸封不同生活史的日本沼蝦,也已有關生物學上的比較研究,但臺灣則無;另外,對於東亞各國日本沼蝦族群間親緣地理關係之研究,亦付之闕如。因此,本研究主要目的(一)首先使用粒線體DNA的16S rRNA和COI基因之部分序列,來研析臺灣及東亞各地區日本沼蝦的譜系數量、族群遺傳結構及地理親緣之關係;(二)探討比較臺灣陸封與兩側洄游之日本沼蝦,其外部形態形質間的差異;(三)比較研析臺灣不同譜系日本沼蝦的族群參數之差異。
首先採集自臺灣六個水庫(石門水庫、明德水庫、曾文水庫、澄清湖、陽明湖及鯉魚潭)和三個河口(淡水河口、中港溪河口及高屏溪河口)共202尾之日本沼蝦,定序其粒線體DNA的16S rRNA和COI部分序列後,共獲得76個單倍型,經樹狀分析後,可分成兩個譜系(A及B),其中澄清湖樣本只來自於譜系A,但石門水庫之樣本皆屬於譜系B,其它採樣區則皆同時具有兩個不同譜系之個體;不管是譜系A或B,皆在近期有發生族群擴張的現象。有關族群間遺傳差異的部分,除高屏河口及中港溪河口之族群間無差異外,其餘各族群間皆有顯著的差異。從UPGMA之採樣區樹狀圖顯示,至少可分為兩大群:一群包含石門水庫及淡水河口群;另外7個族群組合成另一群。
有關東亞日本沼蝦族群方面,則採集中國(太湖、九龍江、閩江及深圳水庫)、日本(琵琶湖、霞ヶ浦)、南韓(漢江)及臺灣(石門水庫、明德水庫及澄清湖水庫)等十個不同地區,共239尾樣本,分析獲得83個單倍型,亦可劃分為兩個譜系(A及B),且譜系A可進一步分成兩個子譜系(A1及A2),但A2的個體皆來自中國大陸的太湖;日本兩個區域樣本皆來自於譜系A,但韓國樣本則皆屬於譜系B;譜系A、A1、A2或B皆有發生族群擴張的現象,且譜系A2在最後冰河期有發生二次接觸之現象。有關族群間遺傳差異的部分,除閩江及九龍江、深圳水庫及石門水庫族群間無差異外,其餘各族群間皆有顯著的差異。從UPGMA之採樣區樹狀圖顯示,至少可分為兩大群:一群包含石門水庫、深圳水庫、漢江、閩了及九龍江;另外5個族群組合成另一群。
為比較臺灣的陸封與兩側洄游日本沼蝦的外部形態形質間之差異,則分別採集來自三個河口域(兩側洄游之樣本)及包含石門水庫(陸封,譜系B)、澄清湖(陸封,譜系A)和其它3個陸封水庫等八個採樣點之日本沼蝦,共計873尾;各量測其12個外部形態形質後,所有量測之資料經 Reist 法標準化,再以典型分析法依雌、雄研析其系群結構。結果顯示九個族群約可分為北部湖庫,西南湖庫與河口域等三大群,顯示陸封與兩側洄游之日本沼蝦其外部形態形質有顯著的差異,且來自譜系A(澄清湖樣本)及來自譜系B(石門樣本)的日本沼蝦,其外部形態形質亦有顯著的差異;最後,依月別各採集來自澄清湖(譜系A)與石門水庫 (譜系B)之日本沼蝦,共一年各12個月份之雌、雄樣本,進行不同譜系間日本沼蝦之族群參數比較,結果顯示石門水庫樣本極限體長、成長參數性、死亡率、最小成熟頭胸甲長及50%性成熟頭胸甲略大於澄清湖,又其生殖週期澄清湖較早於石門水庫,澄清湖有兩個補充群,石門水庫只有一個。
致謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract vi
目錄 viii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 4
第二章 材料與方法 5
2.1 粒線體DNA分析之樣本 5
2.2 形態形質與族群參數比較之樣本採集 6
2.3 分析方法 6
2.3.1 粒線體16S RRNA 及COI之定序 6
2.3.2 形態形質 10
2.3.3 族群參數與生殖生物學 11
2.3.3.1 頭胸甲長(CL)和體長(TL)與體重(W)之量測 11
2.3.3.2 VBGE成長方程式推估 12
2.3.3.3死亡率(MORTALITY)之推估 13
第三章 結果 15
3.1 臺灣日本沼蝦之族群結構與地理親緣關係 15
3.2 東亞地區日本沼蝦之族群結構與地理親緣關係 17
3.3陸封及兩側洄游與不同譜系間日本沼蝦形態形質比較 20
3.4不同譜系間之族群參數比較 22
第四章 討論與結論 29
4.1 臺灣地區日本沼蝦之族群結構與地理親緣 29
4.2 東亞地區日本沼蝦之族群結構與地理親緣 32
4.3陸封與兩側洄游及兩譜系間日本沼蝦形態形質及族群參數比較 34
4.4 結論 36
4.5 建議 38
參考文獻 39
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