發生於1916年的復活節起義（the Easter Rising）為愛爾蘭當代史的轉捩點。其中，十六名被處決的領袖裡唯一的一位社會主義者，詹姆士‧康納利（James Connolly，1868-1916）政治立場的變遷，以及他在起義中的角色，多半為學者以「由紅轉綠」或「綠化」等比喻加以理解。至於康納利思想中社會主義與愛爾蘭共和主義（the Irish Republicanism）兩項傳統如何相互交織與發明，仍然有待進一步釐清。隨著近十年對復活節起義新面向的不斷挖掘，填補對康納利思想的僵化性理解和新的研究成果間的落差，是本研究所欲達成的目標。以康納利的政治書寫及政治活動為主要材料，本研究旨在探討康納利與愛爾蘭共和主義傳統間互動交流（interactive）以及具有辯證性（dialectic）的關係，進而指出，過去盛行的「紅綠」說法或許並不適切。經由驗別康納利是愛爾蘭共和主義的批判性繼承者的思想定位，本研究或許有助於深化我們對復活節起義及二十世紀愛爾蘭歷史的詮釋。

The 1916 Easter Rising is a turning point of modern Irish history. Being the only socialist among the leaders who were executed after the surrender, James Connolly（1868-1916）’s political stance and his role during the Rising are often presented by researchers as ‘greening’ or ‘from red to green’. Yet how the two traditions, Socialism and the Irish Republicanism, intertwined with and mutually stimulated each other within Connolly’s political writings remains unclear. Since the first decade of the 21st century, massive research has made great progress in expanding the knowledge of this particular event. This study intends to bridge the gap between the latest research results and the prevailing ossified cognition of Connolly’s idea. Through re-examining Connolly’s political practice and writings, the author contends that the red-green rhetoric is inappropriate and incorrect, for the relation between Connolly and the Irish Republicanism is interactive and dialectical. By identifying Connolly as a critical inheritor of the Irish Republicanism, this study may deepen our interpretations of the Easter Rising and 20th century Irish history.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
緒論 1
第一節　研究動機 1
第二節　研究回顧 4
第三節　研究取徑 9
第一章　愛爾蘭社會主義共和國 12
第一節　固有領土與主權人民 12
第二節　公有制度與福利國家 20
第三節　愛爾蘭與世界無產階級革命 27
第二章　新政治的轉譯者 31
第一節　康納利史觀：英愛問題的重新界定 32
第二節　凱爾特文藝復興運動：民族心靈的收復 40
第三節　英愛關係：真假國際主義的辯證 48
第四節　宗教衝突：邁向自由的障蔽 54
第三章　世紀之交的社會共和主義 62
第一節　重塑共和主義傳統 62
第二節　「綠化」抑或是適時應務？ 1912-1916的康納利 68
第三節　康納利與復活節起義領袖群像 74
結論 80
參考文獻 82

一、史料文獻
1.出版品
Connolly, James. Between comrades: letters and correspondence, 1889-1916. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan, 2007.
Connolly, James. Labour in Ireland: labour in Irish history: The re-conquest of Ireland. Dublin: Maunsel and Co., 1917.
Connolly, James. Socialism and the Irish Rebellion: writings from James Connolly. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Red and Black Publishers, 2008.
Pearse, Mary Birgid. ed. The Home Life of Pádraig Pearse. Cork: The Mercier Press, 1979.
Pearse, Patrick. The Coming Revolution: the political writings and speeches of Patrick Pearse. Cork: Mercier Press, 2013.
Pearse, Patrick. The Complete Works of P. H. Pearse: Political Writings and Speeches. Dublin: the Phoenix Press, 1924.
Ryan, Desmond. Remembering Sion: A Chronicle of Storm and Quiet. London: A Barker, 1934.

2.電子資源
Connolly, James. Einde O’Callaghan ed., James Connolly Internet Archive, Marxists Internet Archive Library. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/index.htm.
Deville, Gabriel. Socialism, Revolution and Internationalism. Project Gutenberg. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35962.
Poblacht na hÉireann: The Provisional Government of the Irish Republic to the People of Ireland. The Proclamation 1916. Available at: http://the1916proclamation.ie/.
The Proclamation of Independence 1803 - Robert Emmet. Fáilte Romhat. Available at:
http://www.failteromhat.com/declare1803.php.
卡爾‧馬克思。《黑格爾法哲學批判》導言。中文馬克思主義文庫。Available at: https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/marxist.org-chinese-marx-1843.htm.


二、近人研究
1.英文書籍
Aldous, Richard. Great Irish Speeches. London: Quercus, 2007.
Berresford-Ellis, Peter. ed. James Connolly: Selected Writings. London & Chicago: Pluto Press, 1997.
Boyce, D. George. Nationalism in Ireland. London: Routledge, 1991.
Collins, Lorcan. 16 Lives: James Connolly. Dublin: The O’Brien Press, 2016.
Countryman, John & Matthews, Kelly eds. The country of the Young: interpretations of youth and childhood in Irish culture. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2013.
Curtin, Nancy J. The United Irishmen: Popular Politics in Ulster and Dublin 1791-1798. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Fanning, Bryan. Histories of the Irish Future. Lodon: Bloomsbury, 2014.
Ferriter, Diarmaid. The Transformation of Ireland. Woodstock & New York: The Overlook Press, 2005.
Foster, Roy F. Modern Ireland: 1600-1972. London: Penguin Press, 1989.
Godson, Lisa & Brück, Joanna eds. Making 1916: Material and Visual Culture of the Easter Rising. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.
Harmon, Maurice ed. Fenians and Fenianism: centenary essays. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970.
Higgins, Roisín & Uí Chollatáin, Regina eds. The Life and After-Life of P. H. Pearse. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009.
Howell, David. A Lost Left: Three Studies in Socialism and Nationalism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Kearney, Hugh F. Ireland: Contested Ideas of Nationalism. New York: New York University Press, 2007.
Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: the Literature of the Modern Nation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Knirck, Jason K. Imagine Ireland’s Independence: the debates over the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
Metscher, Priscilla. James Connolly and the reconquest of Ireland. Minneapolis: MEP Publications, 2002.
Moody, T. W., McDowell, R. B. and Woods, C. J. eds. The Writings of Theobald Wolfe Tone 1763-98: Volume I: Tone''s Career in Ireland to June 1795. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2009
Moran, James. Four Irish Rebel Plays. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2007.
Moran, Seán Farrell. Patrick Pearse and the Politics of Redemption: The Mind of the Easter Rising, 1916. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1994.
Morgan, Austen. James Connolly: A Political Biography. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1988.
O’Donnell, Ruán. 16 Lives: Patrick Pearse. Dublin: The O’Brien Press, 2016.
O’Donnell, Ruán. Patrick Pearse. Dublin: The O’Brien Press, 2016.
O''Connor, Emmet. A labour history of Ireland, 1824-2000. Dublin : University College Dublin Press, 2011.
Sisson, Elaine. Pearse’s Patriots: St. Enda’s and the Cult of Boyhood. Cork: Cork University Press, 2004.
Tóibín, Colm & Ferriter, Diarmaid. The Irish Famine. London: Profile Books, 2001.
University Press, 2004.
Wohl, Robert. The Generation of 1914. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979
Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.

2.中文書籍
Young, Robert J. C.著，周素鳳、陳巨擘譯，《後殖民主義：歷史的導引》，臺北：巨流，2006。
王章陵，《論馬克思的歷史哲學》。臺北：幼獅文化事業公司，1985。

3.英文論文
Atkinson, Norman. ‘The Educational Ideas of Patrick Pearse, 1879-1916’, in Comparative Education Review, Vol. 11, No. 1, Feb., 1967, pp. 68-74.
Cashman, Ray. ‘Visions of Irish Nationalism’, in Journal of Folklore Research, Vol. 45, No.3, Sep. - Dec., 2008, pp. 361-381.
Comerford, R. V. ‘Patriotism as Pastime: the appeal of Fenianism in the mid-1860s’, Irish Historical Studies, 22:86, 1980, pp. 239-250.
Curtin, Nancy J. ‘“Varieties of Irishness”: Historical Revisionism, Irish Style’, in Journal of British Studies, Vol. 35, No.2, Revisionisms, Apr., 1996, pp. 195-219.
Dobbins, Gregory. ‘Whenever Green is Red: James Connolly and Postcolonial Theory’, in Napantla: Views from South, 1.3, 2000, pp. 605-648.
Foster, Roy F. ‘History and the Irish Question’, in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 33, 1983, pp. 169-192.
Garvin, Tom. ‘An Irish Republican Tradition?’, in Working papers in British-Irish Studies, No. 39, 2004.
McCaffrey, Lawrence J. ‘Irish Nationalism and Irish Catholicism: A Study in Cultural Identity’, in Church History, Vol. 42, No. 4, Dec., 1973, pp. 524-534.
Moran, Seán Farell. ‘Patrick Pearse and the European Revolt Against Reason’, in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 50, No. 4, Oct. – Dec., 1989, pp.625-643.
Ó Huallacháin, Colman L. ‘Languages of Instruction in Ireland 1904-1977’, in International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale de l''Education, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1978, pp. 501-510.
Rodden, John. ‘"The Lever Must Be Applied in Ireland": Marx, Engels, and the Irish Question’, in The Review of Politics, Vol. 70, No. 4, Fall, 2008, pp. 609-640.
Steele, Karen. ‘Editing out Factionalism: The Political and Literary Consequences in Ireland''s "Shan Van Vocht"’, in Victorian Periodicals Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, Summer, 2002, pp. 113-132.
Williams, Martin. ‘Ancient Mythology and Revolutionary Ideology in Ireland, 1878-1916’, in The Historical Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, Jun., 1983, pp. 307-328.