臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著時代的進步，觸控螢幕的應用已然成為現今的主流，市售車載娛樂裝置的操作介面亦為觸控螢幕之應用，然而，對於車用觸控螢幕之最佳安裝位置及操作績效，過去之文獻皆多針對駕駛中使用觸控螢幕進行探討，忽略觸控螢幕的操作應於車輛停止狀態下使用，且缺乏進行多點觸控操作的相關討論。因此本研究透過實驗測試與主觀問卷，探討在駕駛環境中使用單指點擊與多點手勢兩種操作方式，三種不同的螢幕安裝位置（上、中、下）對準確度績效（偏移量）、主觀操作難易度、疲勞度、以及操作偏好之影響。
本研究首先建構了一個具有可調座位、方向盤並三點式安全帶的模擬駕駛艙，並在其中進行實驗。實驗共邀集27位受試者（19男8女）參與，平均年齡為23.93±0.68歲，實驗工作為在觸控螢幕1000×700像素的工作區域中，使用單指點擊目標物，或以掐捏手勢操作物件（移動及縮放）使其大小與位置能與目標物一致。 實驗結果顯示：將觸控螢幕置於下方位置（腰部高度附近）造成最大的偏移量，而中間位置（肩膀高度附近）造成的偏移量為最少；無論單指點擊或多點手勢操作，偏移量都會隨著目標物遠離身體中心而增加，但受試者於單指點擊時皆傾向點擊目標物的左下方；於多點手勢操作則傾向將操作物件放置於目標物右上方。若比較多點手勢操作測試的兩種目標物大小，目標物大小為100像素時，受試者傾向將操作物件放得較目標物大；而目標物大小為200像素時，受試者傾向將操作物件縮得較目標物小。最後主觀問卷結果顯示，受試者較喜歡將觸控螢幕裝設於中間位置以及使用單指點擊操作。此外將觸控螢幕位置裝在上方（眼睛高度附近）受試者認為操作顯著較其他兩個位置困難，並且造成右側肩頸部、上肢、手腕以及姆指指腹較顯著的疲勞。
根據本研究結果，建議在車輛停止狀態下進行單點觸控與多點手勢操作，可
將螢幕安裝於中間位置（肩膀高度附近），除增加操作準確度外，可降低主觀操作困難度與疲勞度；部分文獻建議的上方安裝位置（眼睛高度附近）除在手勢操作時造成較高偏移量外，受試者也反應主觀困難度較高與操作疲勞問題，主觀喜好度最低。至於下方位置雖受試者未反應主觀困難度較高與操作疲勞問題，但在使用手勢操作時會造成顯著準確度下降。未來汽車觸控介面的設計，可參考本研究的作法與數據，對單點觸控介面接收區域進行平移校正，並找出不同手勢目標參數（如目標大小）設定下最適接收區域之大小。最後本研究建議可進一步在更為擬真的駕駛艙環境（如光線、噪音振動）與中控台介面（如模擬車用電子設備介面）上實施研究，並增加蒐集的資料筆數，讓研究結果更具實務上的參考價值。

As the technology gradually improves in our generation, the application of touchscreens has already become the main steam. The in-vehicle touchscreen display system, however, received relatively less attention in the literature about its best location of installation for better performance in single-touch and multi-touch tasks. Especially, the abovementioned research question has not been addressed in the context where touch operations are primary tasks when the vehicle is still. Through the user experiment and the questionnaire, this study aimed to investigate how the performance in accuracy and subjective evaluation of difficulty, fatigue and preferences are affected by three kinds of installation (upper, middle and lower) in single-touch and pinch gesture operations in a simulated driving environment.
The study first established a simulated car cabin with an adjustable seat, a steering wheel and a 3-point safety belt. Twenty-seven voluntary participants were recruited in the experiment, and their age on average was 23.93±0.68 years old. The experimental task was to click the target (single-touch) or to use the pinch gesture to manipulate a circle to fit the target. The result of the experiment showed that the error of the lower screen installation was the highest and that of the middle screen installation was the lowest. The amount of error for both single-touch and gesture operations increased as the target appeared further away from the body centerline. Furthermore, participants tended to touch the bottom left of the target in a single-touch task while placed the circle at the upper right of the target in a gestural task. When the target size was compared in the gesture operations, participants tended to expand the circle larger than the 100-pixel target, but to contract the circle smaller than the 200-pixel target. The results of the questionnaire showed that, the participants preferred the middle installation and the single-touch task. Additionally, upper installation was considered more difficult and caused greater fatigue on right neck, shoulder, upper extremities, wrist and thumb belly areas.
Based on the results of the current study, the middle installation is recommended for its higher accuracy and less fatigue. The upper installation, despite being recommended by other literatures, caused greater errors, higher difficulty and fatigue, resulting the least preference. The difficulty and fatigue was not revealed when the lower installation was used, but it caused lower accuracy in gestural operations. This study could contribute to future design of in-vehicle touch interfaces in that the accuracy of single touch tasks may be improved by fitting the reception areas to shifts and the most appropriate size of reception areas in gestural tasks were determined based on errors. Future studies may consider verifying experiments in an interface simulating real in-vehicle devices and increasing the number of data collected so that the result can be more applicable in reality.

摘要I
AbstractIII
謝誌V
目錄VI
圖目錄VIII
表目錄XI
第一章緒論1
1.1研究背景與動機1
1.2研究目的3
1.3研究架構與流程4
第二章文獻探討5
2.1觸控偏移5
2.2螢幕擺放位置7
2.3人體坐姿計測值9
第三章研究方法11
3.1實驗受測者11
3.2實驗環境設置與實驗工作設計11
3.2.1實驗環境設置11
3.2.2實驗工作設計17
3.3實驗儀器與設備19
3.4實驗變數20
3.4.1自變數(Independent variables)20
3.4.2依變數(Dependent variables)20
3.5實驗流程21
3.6統計分析23
第四章實驗結果27
4.1總體平均數據分析27
4.1.1單指點擊28
4.1.2多點手勢31
4.2個別位置數據分析37
4.2.1單指點擊37
4.2.2多點手勢45
4.3主觀問卷分析57
第五章結論與建議62
5.1結論62
5.2討論及建議64
5.2.1單指點擊64
5.2.2多點手勢66
5.2.3主觀問卷70
5.3研究限制與未來研究方向71
參考文獻73
附錄一 實驗主觀問卷78

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