臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在化工製造業中，蒸餾是一個高能源消耗的單元，因此，在考量經濟與環境的情況下，如何提升程序生產的效率、使用低能源消耗的蒸餾技術及整合多單元的技術，是目前化工產業發展的主要目標。Weng and Lee 在2015年時提出一個新式複合型熱整合組態，它結合了熱耦合組態與多效蒸餾組態的優點，可同時達到降低能源消耗與增加能源再利用的目標，複合型熱整合組態可以消除再混合效應且相比於傳統蒸餾組態，它可以節省約50.4%的能耗，不僅如此，相比於熱耦合組態，它可以降低能源浪費；相比於多效組態，它可以減少熱交換所需的面積。所以，這個研究將會著重於複合型熱整合組態的理論推導與分析，並且利用Underwood簡潔法來進行普通蒸餾、多效蒸餾、熱耦合蒸餾以及複合型組態的推導與比較。再利用Aspen Tech 的模擬軟體來進行驗證。
根據模擬與理論推算的結果，本研究將會探討各種不同的情形與不同的組態，致力於整理出一個流程圖，希望能夠提供選取最小所需能耗組態的快速方法參考。
另外，反應蒸餾目前也是蒸餾技術相關的重要新領域，它結合了兩個不同單元，反應與分離，在一單元，因此可以簡化生產程序、提高生產效率與降低能源需求等等許多的優勢，但相對的，反應在推導上也相對較普通蒸餾複雜。因此，本研究也將試著推導反應蒸餾組態以及複合型熱整合反應蒸餾的最小能耗簡捷法，並利用模擬軟體驗證與比較。

In the chemical industry, the highest energy consumption is the distillation process. Therefore, under the consideration of the economy and environment, how to enhance the effectiveness of the process with low energy consumption distillation column technology and multiply units with heat-integration is the main direction of the chemical industry development. Weng and Lee (2015) proposed a new hybrid heat-integrated configuration, which combines the advantages of the multi-effect and the thermally coupled configurations. It achieves the objectives of energy consumption falling and energy reuse. This configuration can not only save about 50.4% of energy consumption compared to the conventional configuration but eliminate the remixing effect. Moreover, it can lower the energy waste in the thermally coupled configuration, and reduce the energy transfer area of the heat exchanger in the multi-effect configuration. This study will focus on the derivation of the theoretical estimation. It analyzes this hybrid configuration to derivate a series of formulas, which also applies the shortcut method to analyze the energy requirements of the conventional, the multi-effect, and the thermally coupled heat-integrated configurations. Aspen Plus simulator is then used to verify the results of the formula, and compare the performance of energy saving with other configurations.
Based on that results, this study discusses the appropriate situation with different feed composition and relative volatility, and is dedicated to organizing an arrangement for making a quick decision on the lowest energy-consuming configurations. Moreover, the reactive distillation, being a relatively new field, which is a process integrating reaction and separation in a single unit. There are several advantages compared to the conventional sequential process, such as reduced investment and operating costs, reduced utility consumption, and higher conversion and selectivity. This study investigates the most appropriate shortcut derivations for the energy requirements of the conventional and the hybrid configurations with the reactive distillation. The shortcut derivations with the heat-integrated distillation columns for the minimum vapor flow have been presented. The results of this study show that the values of the theoretical calculation are quite close to the values of the simulation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
LIST OF TABLES XI
ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS XII
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY 8
1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THIS THESIS 12
CHAPTER II MULTICOMPONENT WITH UNDERWOOD METHOD 14
2.1 UNDERWOOD SHORTCUT METHOD 14
2.2 CONVENTIONAL DISTILLATION CONFIGURATIONS 18
CHAPTER III HEAT-INTEGRATED CONFIGURATIONS WITH UNDERWOOD METHOD 23
3.1 THE THERMALLY COUPLED CONFIGURATION 23
3.2 THE MULTI-EFFECT CONFIGURATION 30
3.3 THE HYBRID CONFIGURATION 36
3.4 DISCUSSION 42
3.4.1 Rigorous Simulations 42
3.4.2 Realistic System 47
3.4.3 Effect of Relative Volatility and Feed Composition 55
CHAPTER IV REACTIVE DISTILLATION WITH UNDERWOOD METHOD 61
4.1 THEORETICAL DERIVATION 61
4.1.1 Reaction Section in the Middle 72
4.1.2 Reaction Section in the Top 74
4.1.3 Reaction Section in the Base 77
4.2 RIGOROUS SIMULATION 80
4.2.1 Reaction Location: in the middle of the column 83
4.2.2 Reaction Location: in the top of the column 85
4.2.3 Reaction Location: in the bottom of the column 87
4.3 EXAMPLE- AN IDEAL RD CONFIGURATION WITH NUMERICAL VALUE 90
4.4 THEORETICAL DERIVATION FOR HYBRID RD CONFIGURATION 93
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STUDY 99
5.1 CONCLUSIONS 99
5.2 FURTHER STUDY 101
REFERENCES 102

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