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研究生:張淑玲
研究生(外文):Shu-Ling Zhang
論文名稱:線上鎳離子分析系統建立
論文名稱(外文):Development of Online Nickel Ion Monitor for Wastewater
指導教授:曾堯宣曾堯宣引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yao-Hsuan Tseng
口試委員:顧洋謝育民
口試委員(外文):Young KuYu-Min Xie
口試日期:2017-06-19
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣科技大學
系所名稱:化學工程系
學門:工程學門
學類:化學工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:105
中文關鍵詞:鎳離子分光光度法線上監控
外文關鍵詞:nickel ionspectrophotometryon-line monitoring
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  • 被引用被引用:0
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  • 下載下載:18
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
鎳化合物已被國際癌症研究機構(IARC)列為ㄧ級致癌物,對人體與環境均具危害性。在電鍍鎳或無電鍍鎳工業程序中,廢水含有高濃度鎳離子,為達到資源再利用以及環保法規要求,會使用離子交換樹脂等技術回收大部分的鎳金屬,而經處裡的廢水中鎳離子濃度需符合法規標準。線上鎳離子分析為必要的監控系統,以確認水處理程序的運轉效率,做為系統維護更新的依據。
檢驗鎳離子常使用原子吸收光譜儀、感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀和伏安法分析儀器,但是其操作費用與設備較昂貴或容易受干擾,而不利於線上檢測之應用。本研究利用氧化劑與顯色劑的添加,使鎳離子與顯色劑形成具有明顯顏色之錯離子,加入穩定劑與遮蔽劑,減少顯色過程受廢水中的干擾物的影響,以分光光度計量測錯合物吸收度,可快速量測廢水中鎳離子濃度,並分別研究氧化劑、顯色劑、遮蔽劑,以及干擾物對分析靈敏度與準確度的影響。進一步設計與建置連續取樣與自動量測的分析系統,以達到線上監控目的,並於實場測試系統確定其穩定性與可行性。
The nickel compounds have been categorized into human carcinogens for group 1 by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and it is harmful to human beings and environment. In nickel electroplating and electroless-deposition processes, these wastewater contains plenty of nickel ions, which will be mostly recovered with using ion-exchange and other technologies to comply with environmental regulations. The nickel concentration of effluent should be controlled at quietly low value. Therefore, the on-line system for monitoring nickel ion concentration in water is necessary to check the efficiency of water treatment system. The maintenance and replacement of water treatment system should be on the basis of change in nickel ion.
The instruments used for determination of nickel are atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and voltammetry, which are not proper for on-line monitoring because of expensive purchase and operating cost, and the low resistance for interference. In this work, oxidant solution and chromogenic agent solution as were respectively used as oxidant and chromogenic reagent to form red complex with nickel ion. Sensitizer and masking agent were further added in order to lower influences from interfering substance. The light absorbance of the stable nickel complex, measured by spectrophotometer, was applied to determine nickel concentration of wastewater rapidly. Effects of oxidant, chromogenic reagent, sensitizer, masking agent, and kind of interfering substance on the sensitivity and precision for this analysis system were investigated in detail. Furthermore, the automatic sampling and analyzing systems for nickel ion in water were designed and established to achieve the on-line monitoring target. The field test was carried out to evaluate the stability and practicability of this system.
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 檢測方法 3
1.3 顯色劑的種類 4
1.4 研究動機 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 鎳汙染 5
2.2 配位化學 6
2.2.1 配位化合物 6
2.2.2 配位理論 7
2.2.3 螯合效應 12
2.2.4 影響錯合物穩定度之因素 13
2.3 添加試劑的種類 14
2.3.1 顯色劑 14
2.3.2 氧化劑 15
2.3.3 穩定劑 16
2.3.4 遮蔽劑 19
2.4 分光光度法 19
2.4.1 吸光原理 19
2.4.2 比爾-朗伯定律 21
2.4.3 溶劑效應 22
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 藥品與儀器 23
3.1.1 實驗藥品 23
3.1.2 實驗儀器 25
3.2 溶液配置 26
3.3 廢水樣品濃度 27
3.4 實驗設計 28
第四章 結果與討論 29
4.1 氧化劑與穩定劑的選擇 29
4.1.1 氧化劑效應分析 29
4.1.2 穩定劑效應分析 30
4.1.3 配方分析比較 33
4.2 實用配方篩選 37
4.2.1 干擾離子效應分析 37
4.2.2 遮蔽劑篩選 39
4.3 實際廢水測量 45
4.3.1 遮蔽劑篩選 45
4.3.2 配方的劑量調整 49
4.4 干擾離子測試 54
4.5 原型機設計測試 61
4.5.1 初步測試 61
4.5.2 原型機的攪拌效應 64
第五章 結論與未來展望 66
5.1 結論 66
5.1.1 氧化劑與穩定劑選擇 66
5.1.2 實用配方篩選 66
5.1.3 實際廢水測量 66
5.1.4 干擾離子測試 67
5.1.5 原型機設計測試 67
5.2 未來展望 67
第六章 參考文獻 70
附錄ㄧ 72
附錄二 84
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