臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
金融海嘯以前已經被舉世公認崛起的中國，在歷經金融海嘯之後其成長幅度更為明顯，面對近幾年如此快速成長的中國，其銀行產業為帶動經濟成長的主要因素之一。銀行不但具有穩定及調節資金的功能，更能提供當地企業發展所需的資金並帶動中國整體經濟成長 (Dong et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2010; Allen et al., 2005) ，而銀行本身也扮演著帶動中國金融市場與經濟成長發展的重要角色。

關於中國商業銀行，我們以業務範圍是否受地域限制為劃分，將其分成全國性商業銀行與地方性商業銀行，並結合了規模經濟的概念研究其經營效率。而中國在2001年12月加入世界貿易組織 (World Trade Organization, WTO) 放寬外資商業銀行業務後，外資進入除了引進較好的技術增加國內銀行競爭力 (Hsiao et al., 2015; Claessens et al., 2014; Xu, 2011)，經營效率也高於國內銀行 (Hsiao et al., 2015; Berger et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2009)。故本文將針對全國性商業銀行是否擁有較好經營效率與規模經濟效益，以及引進外資對中國商業銀行的經營效率之影響兩部分做深入研究。

本文使用資料包絡分析 (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) 及拔靴法 (Bootstrap Method) 計算銀行效率。雖然DEA能夠衡量多項投入及多項產出之間的效率，但由於DEA是依靠線性規劃解出問題，無法作出統計分析。故本研究採用將樣本資料進行多次重複抽樣，建立足以代表母體且能夠修正DEA估計偏差並能進行統計分析的拔靴法進行研究 (Simar and Wilson, 1998)。

研究資料取自於「Bankscope 資料庫」，共計118家中國大陸商業銀行，包含5家大型國有商業銀行、12家股份制商業銀行、101家城市商業銀行，樣本研究期間為2012年至2014年，總計298個觀測值。實證結果顯示：全國性商業銀行擁有較好的經營效率與規模經濟；而引進外資對中國商業銀行的經營效率並無明顯影響。

Abstract

The financial crisis has been recognized by the world before the rise of China, after the financial crisis after its growth rate is more significant, facing China, which has grown rapidly in recent years, its banking industry is one of the main factors driving economic growth. Banks not only have the function of stabilizing and regulating the funds, but also can provide the necessary funds for the development of local enterprises and promote the overall economic growth of China (Dong et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2010; Allen et al., 2005), and the banks themselves play an important role in driving the development of China's financial market and economic growth.

With regard to China's commercial banks, we divided commercial banks into national commercial banks and regional commercial banks if the banks’ business subjected to geographical restrictions, and discuss the contribution of the operational efficiency of national commercial banks to economies of scale. China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001 to relax foreign-funded commercial banking business, foreign investment in addition to the introduction of better technology to increase the competitiveness of domestic banks (Hsiao et al., 2015; Claessens et al., 2014; Xu, 2011), Operating efficiency is also higher than the domestic banks (Hsiao et al., 2015; Berger et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2009). Therefore, this paper will be for the national commercial banks have a good operating efficiency and economies of scale, as well as the introduction of foreign investment in China's commercial banks operating efficiency of the two parts of the study.

This paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Bootstrap Method to calculate bank efficiency. While DEA is able to measure the efficiency of multiple inputs and multiple outputs, but DEA relies on linear programming to solve the problem, can not make a statistical analysis. In this study, the sample data was tested to repeated sampling several times to establish a Bootstrap method that was sufficient to represent the population and was able to correct the DEA estimation bias and to perform statistical analysis (Simar and Wilson, 1998).

The study was taken from the Bankscope database, with a total of 118 mainland Chinese commercial banks, including 5 large state-owned commercial banks, 12 joint-stock commercial banks, 101 City commercial banks, the sample study period from 2012 to 2014, a total of 298 observations.The empirical results show that the national commercial banks have good operating efficiency and economies of scale. The foreign investment has no obvious effect on
the commercial efficiency of China's commercial banks.

目錄
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究流程 4
第貳章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 中國銀行產業發展與概況 6
第二節 銀行產業效率相關研究 11
第三節 規模經濟之相關研究 15
第四節 外資銀行之相關研究 16
第參章 研究假說與架構 19
第肆章 研究方法 22
第一節 資料包絡分析法 22
第二節 拔靴法 25
第伍章 實證分析 27
第一節 資料來源與變數說明 27
第二節 實證結果 31
第三節 討論 36
第陸章 結論 39
參考文獻 41


表目錄
表1-1　國家GDP與GDP成長率 (單位：千億美元) 2
表2-1 四大國有專業銀行業務 7
表2-2 股份制商業銀行 8
表2-2 股份制商業銀行（續）9
表2-3 政策性銀行之功能 9
表2-4 銀行經營績效衡量指 13
表2-4 銀行經營績效衡量指標（續）14
表2-5 外資銀行效率比較 18
表5-1 全國性與地區性銀行家數統計 27
表5-2 城市商業銀行家數統計 28
表5-3 變數定義說明表 28
表5-3 變數定義說明表（續）29
表5-4 國有商業銀行投入與產出變之敘數統計 (2012年至2014年) 30
表5-5 股份制商業銀行投入與產出變之敘數統計 (2012年至2014年) 30
表5-6 城市商業銀行投入與產出變之敘數統計 (2012年至2014年) 31
表5-7 規模經濟之規模報酬檢定結果 33
表5-8 有無外資之規模報酬檢定 33
表5-9 規模經濟之拔靴法檢定結果 34
表5-10 有無外資之拔靴法檢定結果 36

圖目錄
圖1-1 研究流程圖 5
圖3-1 研究架構圖 21
圖4-1 投入面之技術效率 24
圖4-2 產出面之技術效率 24

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