臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水足跡旨在衡量人類用水需求對環境造成的負荷，藉由分析與量化水資源之使用，瞭解水資源使用造成之環境衝擊，此概念可用於評估供應鏈的用水情況、流域內水資源永續評估等。水資源議題具有區域性及空間性差異之特性，生命週期學者將水足跡的概念整合至生命週期評估，並針對所在區域之缺水程度進行加權，從而反映出區域水資源使用對環境造成之潛在影響。國際標準組織的ISO14046水足跡評估標準，因其國際性質及國際接受度較高亦可視為目前水足跡執行依據之最高準則。
本研究透過Boulay、Pfister以及AWARE三種不同之水資源稀缺指數，利用台灣主要水庫之供水資訊，建立了全台主要水庫之本土水資源稀缺指數並將此指標作為評估水資源使用影響之特徵因子，結果顯示AWARE為最適用於評估台灣區域水資源稀缺程度之方法。本研究將所建立之水資源稀缺指數應用於高聚光型太陽能系統案例中，結果顯示高聚光型太陽能系統若安裝於寶山水庫水，將造成最高之水資源使用衝擊(341.88 m3H2O eq)；反之，若安裝於日月潭水庫，則水資源衝擊為最低(24.42 m3H2O eq)。本研究探討不同水資源稀缺指數計算方法之差異性，以台灣主要水庫供水資料建立本土水資源使用特徵因子，討論台灣不同水庫間水資源稀缺程度，並套用於實際案例中，瞭解水資源稀缺指數對於水足跡評估結果之影響，可供相關研究及產業參考，以降低水資源使用對環境造成之衝擊。

The water footprint is designed to measure the environmental impact of human water use by analyzing and quantifying. This concept can be use to assess the water supply in the supply chains. Water resource issues are regional and spatial differences. Life cycle scholars have integrated the concept of water footprint into life cycle assessment and used water scarcity in specific areas, reflecting regional water usage of environmental impact potential. The current water footprint assessment standards in accordance with ISO14046.
This study used the water scarcity methods proposed by three different scholars, namely Boulay, Pfister and AWARE, and Taiwan’s reservoirs supply data to calculate regional water scarcity indexes and then used these indexes as characterization factors to assess the impact of water use of each reservoir. The results show that AWARE method is the most suitable for assessing the water scarcity. The indexes calculated for reservoirs were then applied to the case of high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system. The results showed that the maximum impact of water use for the HCPV was 341.88(m3H2O eq) and the minimum impact was 24.42(m3H2O eq), which were located within Bosan and Sun Moon Lake reservoir, respecitively. This studies can be used as a reference for industries and government agencies for further research on reducing the impact of water use on the environment.

摘　要 I
ABSTRACT III
目 錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 水足跡發展 6
2.1.1 水足跡網絡(Water Footprint Network, WFN) 6
2.1.2 ISO 14046水足跡 11
2.1.3 WFN與ISO14046水足跡差異 16
2.2 水資源稀缺指數 18
2.2.1 水資源使用因果關係鏈 18
2.2.2 水資源稀缺指數 20
2.3 太陽能發電系統 23
2.3.1 太陽能發電系統簡介 23
2.3.2 高聚光型太陽能發電系統 25
2.4 台灣水資源概況 26
第三章 研究方法 29
3.1 研究流程 29
3.2 研究目標與範疇 30
3.3 水資源稀缺指數計算方法 30
3.4 高聚光型太陽能案例說明 33
3.4.1 研究範疇與邊界 33
3.4.2 高聚光型太陽能盤查分析 34
3.4.3 高聚光型太陽能研究限制 35
第四章 結果與討論 37
4.1 水資源稀缺指數評估結果 37
4.1.1 Pfister et al. (2009) 37
4.1.2 Boulay et al. (2011) 40
4.1.3 Boulay et al. -AWARE (2016) 42
4.1.4 水資源稀缺指數結果比較 44
4.2 高聚光型太陽能案例水資源衝擊 47
4.2.1 高聚光型太陽能水資源使用 47
4.2.2 高聚光型太陽能水資源使用衝擊 48
4.2.3 水資源稀缺指數對案例水足跡影響 50
第五章 結論與建議 52
5.1 結論 52
5.2 建議 53
參考文獻 55

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網路資訊
1.International Organization for Standardization, ISO
http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html
2.Water Use of Life Cycle Assessment, WULCA
http://www.wulca-waterlca.org/index.html
3.Water Footprint Network, WFN
http://waterfootprint.org/en/
4.World Water Council, WWC
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org
5.台北自來水事業處
http://www.water.gov.taipei/
6.經濟部水利署
http://www.wra.gov.tw/