臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鈦合金的發展歷史相當悠久，而降低製程成本和擁有優異性質是鈦合金發展的兩個主要因素，利用粉末冶金之鈦合金，雖然成本低廉、開發流程短，但通常會造成相對密度和強度較其他製造方式來得低，而添加鎳、鉬不僅能降低材料成本，減少孔隙率並能提升機械性質。本實驗針對Ti-xNi-6Mo (x：1~9 wt.%) 之鈦合金，分析經由粉末冶金及真空燒結製程鈦鎳鉬合金之顯微組織與機械性質，期望得到高硬度、高強度、耐蝕性佳之鈦合金。
實驗結果發現，於1200°C真空燒結下，Ti-9Ni-6Mo合金可得到較高之洛氏硬度(67.15 HRA)及最大之極化阻抗值(18896 Ω/cm2)，但因晶粒粗大且有硬脆鈦鎳金屬間化合物生成，橫向破裂強度則大幅下降；而Ti-4Ni-6Mo合金因微結構呈現以α相在晶粒內析出達到強化之效果，及破斷面呈現韌窩狀破壞為主的特徵，且晶粒不至於過度粗大，故具有最高之橫向破裂強度達(1116.8 MPa)。

There is a very long history of the development of titanium alloy, and the two main reasons for developing titanium alloy are low manufacturing cost and its excellent mechanical properties. Although the manufacturing cost can be lower through powder metallurgy, the relative density and strength will also be lower than the titanium alloy manufactured by other methods. However, adding nickel and molybdenum can improve the mechanical properties and lower the porosity of titanium alloy while maintaining the low cost. In this experiment, we adjust the weight percent of Ti, Ni and Mo powder of Ti-xNi-6Mo (x:1~9) and analyze the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the Ti-Ni-Mo alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and vacuum sintering.
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The results show that after vacuum sintering at 1200°C, Ti-9Ni-6Mo alloy has higher Rockwell hardness (67.15 HRA) and corrosion resistance (18896 Ω/cm2) among all but the formation of brittle Ti-Ni intermetallic compound with large grain size will let the transverse rupture strength drop sharply. However, Ti-4Ni-6Mo alloy has highest transverse rupture strength (1116.8 MPa) because the structure is strengthened by α phase precipitating in the grain, and fracture surface has the feature of dimple fracture.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧 3
2.1 金屬鈦 3
2.2 鈦合金 5
2.2.1 α型鈦合金 6
2.2.2 α + β型鈦合金 7
2.2.3 β型鈦合金 7
2.3 強化機制 9
2.3.1 固溶強化 9
2.3.2 散佈強化 11
2.3.3 細晶強化 12
2.4 元素添加 12
2.4.1 鉬元素 15
2.4.2 鎳元素 15
2.4.3 鈦鎳與鈦鉬合金 15
2.5 破斷面分析 20
2.5.1 韌窩破壞 20
2.5.2 劈裂 20
2.5.3 沿晶破壞 21
2.5.4 穿晶破壞 21
2.6 鈦合金腐蝕行為 22
2.6.1 腐蝕的形式 22
2.7 腐蝕特性 23
2.8 粉末冶金簡介 23
2.8.1 基本製程 24
2.8.2 粉末冶金特性 25
2.8.3 燒結原理 26
第三章 實驗流程與方法 27
3.1 實驗流程 27
3.1.1 原始粉末 28
3.1.2 粉末混合 29
3.1.3 成形 29
3.1.4 真空燒結 30
3.2 分析方法 31
3.2.1 X-ray繞射 31
3.2.2 金相與顯微組織 31
3.2.3 定量金相 32
3.2.4 體積收縮率 32
3.2.5 密度量測 32
3.2.6 洛氏硬度試驗 33
3.2.7 奈米壓痕 33
3.2.8 三點抗彎試驗 34
3.2.9 動態電位極化腐蝕試驗 35
第四章 結果與討論 36
4.1 原始粉末 36
4.2 實驗參數設計 38
4.3 粉末混合 40
4.4 鈦鎳鉬合金性質 42
4.4.1 X-ray繞射分析 42
4.4.2 體積收縮率 45
4.4.3 相對密度 46
4.4.4 顯微組織 47
4.4.5 平均晶粒尺寸 52
4.4.6 定量金相 56
4.4.7 洛氏硬度 58
4.4.8 奈米壓痕硬度 59
4.4.9 橫向破裂強度 60
4.4.10 彈性模數 61
4.4.11 破斷面觀察 65
4.4.12 動態電位極化腐蝕 69
4.4.13 各性質影響因素 70
4.4.14 綜合統整及比較 71
第五章 結論 73
參考文獻 74

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