臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於行動裝置引起生活習慣改變以及超高畫質數位電視(UHDTV)的普及,多數國家所採用的第二代歐規數位電視地面廣播(DVB-T2)系統所能提供之頻寬已不敷使用,美國進階電視系統委員會(ATSC)於近期提出了下一代的廣播標準(ATSC 3.0),並採用了分層多工(LDM)技術來增加頻譜的使用效率,這是在其他通訊系統中未曾應用的技術。有鑒於 ATSC 3.0 的創新及未來發展性,且目前學術界甚少有相關文獻,故本論文依照 ATSC 3.0(A/322)之規範,將系統中之通道編碼與調變技術以 MATLAB 實現,其中也包含有通道估測與補償、分層多工之解多工、解調變及解碼技術等,並探討分層多工技術、各種通道與通道估測方法對解碼效能的影響。

As a result of the change of lifestyle causing by mobile device and the popularization of UHDTV, the bandwidth of DVB-T2 system adopted by many countries is no longer adequate; Thus, Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) had recently launched the next-generation broadcasting standard (called ATSC 3.0) which adopted Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) technique to improve the spectrum efficiency while it have never been applied by any other broadcasting system. In consideration of the innovation and the developmentality in future of ATSC 3.0, there are also rarely literature about it in academia, we decided to implement the channel coding and modulation including channel estimation, channel compensation, demultiplexing of LDM, demodulation and decoding method by the norm of ATSC 3.0 (A/322) using MATLAB. Next, we discussed about the effect of LDM, each channel and channel estimation method on the performance of decoding.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 章節編排 2

第二章 ATSC 3.0 通道編碼與調變原理 3
2.1 系統概述 3
2.2 位元交錯編碼與調變(Bit Interleaving Coding and Modulation) 4
　　2.2.1 向前錯誤更正編碼(Forward Error Coding) 4
　　　　2.2.1.1 BCH 編碼 5
　　　　2.2.1.2 LDPC 編碼 6
　　2.2.2 位元交錯(Bit Interleaving) 8
　　　　2.2.2.1 校驗位元交錯(Parity Interleaving) 8
　　　　2.2.2.2 團體交錯(Group-wise Interleaving) 8
　　　　2.2.2.3 區塊交錯(Block Interleaving) 9
　　2.2.3 星座圖對映(Constellation Mapping) 11
　　　　2.2.3.1 解多工器(Demultiplexer) 11
　　　　2.2.3.2 映射器(Mapper) 11
2.3 分層多工(LDM) 14
　　2.3.1 LDM 編碼 14
　　2.3.2 注入層級控制器(Injection Level Controller) 15
　　2.3.3 功率標準化器(Power Normalizer) 15
　　2.3.4 LDM 結果示例 15
2.4 成幀與交錯(Framing and Interleaving) 17
　　2.4.1 迴旋時間交錯器(Convolutional Time Interleaver) 17
　　　　2.4.1.1 延遲元素的初始狀態 19
　　2.4.2 成幀(Framing) 21
　　　　2.4.2.1 訊框持續持間(Frame Duration) 22
　　　　2.4.2.2 虛擬調變值(Dummy Modulation Values) 22
　　2.4.3 頻率交錯(Frequency Interleaving) 23
2.5 波型產生(Waveform Generation) 26
　　2.5.1 引導插入(Pilot Insertion) 26
　　　　2.5.1.1 分散式引導插入(Scattered Pilot Insertion) 27
　　　　2.5.1.1 連續式引導插入(Continual Pilot Insertion) 28
　　　　2.5.1.1 邊際引導插入(Edge Pilot Insertion) 29
　　2.5.2 反轉快速傅立葉轉換(IFFT) 30
　　2.5.3 保護區間插入(Guard Interval Insertion) 31

第三章 ATSC 3.0 通道解碼與解調變原理 32
3.1 錯誤更正解碼(Error Correction Decoding) 32
　　3.1.1 BCH 解碼 32
　　　　3.1.1.1 伽羅瓦體(Galois Field) 32
　　　　3.1.1.2 Berlekamp-Massey 演算法 34
　　3.1.2 LDPC 解碼 37
　　　　3.1.2.1 產生冗餘檢查矩陣 37
　　　　3.1.2.2 和積演算法(Sum-Product Algorithm) 43
　　　　3.1.2.3 串聯 BCH 解碼 46
3.2 星座圖解對映(Constellation Demapping) 47
3.3 分層多工之解多工(Demultiplexing of LDM) 49

第四章 以 MATLAB 實現 ATSC 3.0 之實體層 52
4.1 實驗環境與參數 52
4.2 系統功能驗證 53
4.3 系統解碼能力 56
4.4 通道估測 62
4.5 不同雜訊估算方式之解碼能力比較 66

第五章 結論與未來展望 67

參考文獻 68

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