臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係針對建築基礎深開挖，基地周圍鄰房對擋土壁體及地層變形之影響，以往數值分析對於鄰房加載之影響，係採取地表加載之型式，未考量鄰房地下室之影響，本研究採用有限元素法之PLAXIS 3D AE軟體，分析鄰房結構體對建築深開挖之影響，開挖僅模擬順打工法，以版元素模擬連續壁擋土措施，H型鋼組裝完成之支撐構件，以錨桿施加預力模擬，形成建築深開挖之臨時擋土支撐安全措施，鄰房結構則採版元素模擬。 研究結果顯示，擋土壁體側向位移量隨著鄰房地下室深度而改變，地下室深度約為開挖深度之一半，其位移量相對的較大，隨著深度遞增約1.7倍開挖深度，其位移量趨近於一定值。當鄰房距離擋土壁體約2倍開挖深度，壁體變形曲線收斂至「無任何加載」之曲線，亦即鄰房超過2倍開挖深度之距離，對擋土壁體變形分析而言，可以忽略鄰房對擋土壁體的影響。當鄰房與擋土壁體的距離約為1倍開挖深度以內，最大側向位移量之深度，隨著距離越接近擋土壁體，其位置越接近地表面，當鄰房離擋土壁體超過1倍開挖深度，最大側向位移量之位置約位於開挖面。 地表沉陷量隨著鄰房地下室深度遞增至開挖深度之一半，其沉陷量相對的較大，隨著深度遞增約1.6倍開挖深度，其沉陷量趨近於一定值。當鄰房離擋土壁體越近，地表沉陷量相對的較大，當鄰房遠離擋土壁體，地表沉陷量相對的較小。

This study was designed to investigate the influence of neighboring buildings on deep excavation in terms of displacements in retaining structures and surrounding soil. Traditionally, neighboring buildings were included in numeric analysis in the form of surface surcharge. For the purpose of this study, PLAXIS 3D AE, a finite element method program, was introduced for the analysis on the influence of neighboring buildings on deep excavation. Only top-down excavation was simulated. Slab elements were used to simulate the retaining structure of diaphragm wall with H-steels for strutting. Pre-stressing was added with anchor rods to complete the entire system of strut supports for the deep excavation. The neighboring building structures were simulated with slab elements. The results indicated that the lateral displacement along the retaining structure changed with the depth of basement in neighboring buildings. The displacement was relatively large with the basement depth half of excavation depth. As the depth increased to 1.7 times of excavation depth, the displacement converged to a certain value. When the neighboring buildings were twice as far as the excavation depth, the wall displacement curve converged to the curve of “no load.” That is to say, when a neighboring building is located more than twice as far as the excavation depth, the influence of this building on the retaining wall structure is negligible as far as the diaphragm wall displacement analysis is concerned. When the neighboring building is located within the same distance as the excavation depth, the depth of the maximum lateral displacement is closer to the ground level as the building becomes closer to the diaphragm wall. When the neighboring building is located at exactly the same distance as the depth of excavation, the maximum lateral displacement is located at approximately the excavation level. As the basement depth of neighboring building increased to half of the excavation depth, the ground settlement became relatively large, and gradually approached to a certain value as the basement depth increased to 1.6 times of the excavation depth. The ground settlement became larger as the neighboring building moved toward the diaphragm wall and smaller as it moved away.

摘要 i Abstract iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vii 表目錄 x 圖目錄 xii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究動機與目的 1 1.2研究方法與內容 2 1.3論文架構概述 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.1深開挖引致擋土壁體側向變形 4 2.2深開挖引致地層沉陷之特性 7 2.3數值分析在深開挖工程之應用 11 2.4 擋土支撐工法介紹 20 2.4.1連續壁工法簡介 20 2.4.2 內支撐工法簡介 21 第三章 PLAXIS數值分析模式 23 3.1 分析軟體介紹 23 3.2莫爾-庫倫模式(Mohr-Coulomb Model) 23 3.2.1 莫爾-庫倫分析模式簡介 23 3.2.2 莫爾-庫倫模式相關參數 29 3.3應變硬化土壤模式(Hardening Soil Model) 31 3.3.1 應變硬化土壤模式分析模式簡介 31 3.3.2 應變硬化土壤模式相關參數 35 3.4硬化土壤小應變模式(Hardening Soil Model with Small Strain) 35 3.5 不排水分析簡介 38 3.5.1 用有效參數進行不排水分析 38 3.5.2 用不排水參數進行不排水分析 41 3.6建立界面(Interface) 41 3.7 分析流程 44 第四章 數值模擬分析與監測資料驗證 46 4.1 案例介紹 46 4.1.1土層概況 47 4.1.2 連續壁設置 52 4.1.3 支撐設置 52 4.1.4 觀測系統介紹 56 4.2 數值模擬模型與輸入參數 57 4.2.1土層參數設置 60 4.2.2鄰房及道路載重參數設置 73 4.2.3連續壁參數設置 77 4.2.4 支撐參數設置 77 4.3 施工步驟 79 4.4 分析結果與案例驗證 80 第五章 鄰房對擋土壁體變形及地層沉陷影響 95 5.1 全補償式鄰房擋土壁體變形量正規化分析 97 5.1.1 鄰房與擋土壁體距離之影響 97 5.1.2 鄰房地下室深度之影響 102 5.1.3 擋土壁體最大側向位移之正規化分析 108 5.1.4 擋土壁體最大側向位移深度正規化分析 111 5.2 樓層加高鄰房擋土壁體變形量正規化分析 114 5.2.1 鄰房與擋土壁體距離之影響 114 5.2.2 鄰房地下室深度之影響 116 5.2.3 擋土壁體最大側向位移之正規化分析 121 5.2.4 擋土壁體最大側向位移深度正規化分析 124 5.3 雙鄰房之擋土壁體變形量分析 127 5.4 地表沉陷量分析 129 5.4.1 全補償結構體加載地表沉陷分析 132 5.4.2 樓層加高結構體加載地表沉陷分析 139 第六章 結論與建議 145 6.1 結論 145 6.2 建議 146 參考文獻 148 附錄 152

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