臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

都市熱島效應在全球極端氣候的影響下，日趨嚴重，在國外已經是一個不得不重視的環境議題，如美國已經把都市熱島效應視為一個全民的環境議題，在美國環保署網站說明了都市熱島效應所造成的影響，也有教導民眾在家該做什麼來緩解熱島效應。本研究目的在於經由現地實驗來獲得本土化數據，以證明國內現行透水鋪面對於都市熱島效應確實有緩解的功效。
本研究透過HOBO溫溼度計進行現地的實驗，量測本校區內不同透水鋪面的溫度與不透水的一般瀝青進行比較，證明都市熱島效應的存在及不同透水鋪面間的差異。研究結果顯示，多孔隙透水鋪面與高強度混凝土透水鋪面的降溫效果為最差的兩種，其中又以高強度混凝土透水鋪面的效果更差，因其溫度上升速度較一般瀝青還要快、但卻降溫得較慢；而效果最好的為螃蟹磚與廢磁磚透水鋪面，廢磁磚透水磚因鄰近生態廊道溼度最高，降溫效果較佳，但其因環境因素，實際降溫效果尚有待驗證；螃蟹磚因為每m2有0.36m2的裸土，因此螃蟹磚的降溫效果亦為顯著。透過實驗數據的分析，本研究可得知鄉對溼度與溫度間的相互影響為：當磚塊最小的相對溼度越高，升高的溫度越少。因此透水鋪面與一般瀝青最大的差異為透水鋪面能將水流下並且儲存到土壤，而一般瀝青則為將水排出，而一旦瀝青裡的水分消失，便會造成溫度急速上升。

Under global extreme climate, Urban Heat Island Effect is getting more and more serious and, in other countries, becomes an environmental issue to that we must pay attention. United States has regarded Urban Heat Island Effect as a national environmental issue, and the website of the US Environmental Protection Agency explains the effect of Urban Heat Island Effect, teaching people what to do at home to release the heat island effect. The purpose of this study is to prove that the current domestic permeable pavements have the effect of mitigation for Urban Heat Island Effect by getting localized data through the in-situ test hygrometer experiment.

This study measures temperature of the different pavement in the area by HOBO hygrometer experiment, compared with the general impermeable asphalt. And this study proved that Urban Heat Island Effect exists and the difference between different pavements.
The result shows that the effect of porous pervious pavement and the high-strength concrete pavement are worse, and, between them, the effect of the high-strength concrete pavement is the worst because the temperature rises faster than the average asphalt, but cools down more slowly. The best effects are the crab bricks and waste tiles pavement. Waste tiles permeable bricks have the best cooling effect because of the highest humidity near the ecological corridor. However, the actual cooling effects still need to be verified because of the environmental factors. Crab bricks have a good cooling performance because it has 0.36m2 bare soil in every square meter.

Through the analysis of experimental data, the relationship between humidity and temperature is related, when the smallest humidity of the brick is higher, the lower the temperature is. So the biggest difference between the pavement and the general asphalt is that the water pavement can be stored under the water to the soil, and the general asphalt drained the water. Once the asphalt in the water disappears, it will let the temperature rise rapidly.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
致謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機 1
1.3研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1都市熱島效應（Urban Heat Island） 3
2.1.1都市熱島效應帶來的影響 4
2.1.2都市熱島的解決辦法 6
2.2低衝擊開發（Low Impact Development, LID） 6
2.3蒸發冷卻原理 7
2.3.1冷卻效應 8
2.4熱學基本原理 9
2.5鋪面介紹 11
2.5.1透水鋪面 11
2.5.2保水鋪面 12
2.5.3涼化鋪面 12
2.6國外案例 13
第三章 研究方法 17
3.1研究場址 17
3.1.1臺北科技大學的透水鋪面 18
3.1.2儀器選用 29
3.1.3儀器架設方式 37
3.2水力傳導係數（滲透係數） 38
3.2.1水力傳導係數測量方法 38
3.2.2入滲儀介紹 41
3.2.3入滲儀試驗流程 42
3.2.4研究區域內土壤及水力傳導係數 43
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1現地溫度量測結果 45
4.2相對溼度與溫度的關係 51
4.3水力傳導係數與溫度的關係 61
第五章 結論與建議 66
5.1結論 66
5.2後續研究方向與建議 67
參考文獻 68
附錄一 73

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