本論文主要藉由同步輻射相關實驗研究三元複合錫化物Sr3Ir4Sn13中二維電荷密度波(two-dimensional charge density wave、2D-CDW)。實驗技術上包括X光散射(X-ray Scattering、XRS)、X光吸收近邊緣結構(X-ray absorption near-edge structures、XANES)、延伸X光吸收精細結構(Extended X-ray absorption fine structure、EXAFS)，探討高品質的 Sr3Ir4Sn13單晶樣品於相變溫度147K (T* ≈ 147 K) 時的電子與原子結構。
X光散射實驗中，在相變溫度下一系列衛星峰的發現，說明可能在沿著(1 1 0)平面上產生了2D-CDW。相變溫度下當沿著(1 1 0)平面，在EXAFS以及相衍生分析中，發現兩種不同的鍵結長度(Sn1(2)-Sn2)，證實了Sn原子的扭曲只發生在(1 1 0)平面上，與2D-CDW有強烈的相關性；而在XANES實驗中，Ir 5d軌域未佔據態的增加以及未佔據態幾乎沒有改變的Sn 5p軌域，說明了在電阻率的變化上，Ir 5d軌域未佔據態的改變相較於Sn 5p軌域扮演較重要的角色。因此在 Sr3Ir4Sn13樣品中，電子以及原子結構與2D-CDW有著密切的關係。

X-ray scattering (XRS), x-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic techniques were used to study the electronic and atomic structures of high-quality Sr3Ir4Sn13 (SIS) single crystal both below and above transition temperature (T* ≈ 147 K).
The evolution of a series of modulated satellite peaks below the transition temperature in XRS experiment indicated the formation of a possible two-dimensional charge density wave (2D-CDW) in the (110) plane. EXAFS phase derivative analysis supports the CDW-like formation by revealing the different bond distances [Sn1(2)-Sn2] below and above the T* in the (110) plane. XANES spectra at the Ir L3-edge and the Sn K-edge demonstrated an increase (decrease) in the unoccupied (occupied) density of Ir 5d-derived states and nearly constant density of Sn 5p-derived states at temperatures T < T*, in the (110) plane. These observations clearly suggest that the Ir 5d-derived states are closely related to the anomalous resistivity transition. Accordingly, a close relationship exists between local electronic and atomic structures and the 2D-CDW-like phase in the SIS single crystal.

目錄
致謝 i
圖表目錄 iii
第一章、緒論 1
1-1. 文獻回顧 1
1-2. 電荷密度波(Charge density wave) 3
第二章、實驗技術 6
2-1. 同步輻射 6
2-2. X光吸收光譜簡介 7
2-2-1. 吸收邊緣與E0值 9
2-2-2. X光吸收近邊緣結構(XANES) 10
2-2-3. 延伸X光吸收精細結構(EXAFS) 11
2-2-4. 實驗方法 16
2-2-5. 數據分析 20
第三章、實驗數據分析與討論 24
3-1. 樣品製備與基本量測 24
3-2. X光散射(XRS)之分析 29
3-3. 延伸X光吸收精細結構(Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure、EXAFS)之分析 33
3-4. X光吸收近邊緣結構(X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure、XANES)之分析 41
第四章、結論 56
參考文獻 57


圖表目錄
圖1-1(a) CDW發生前電荷間是趨向等距分佈 5
圖1-1(b) CDW發生後電荷間能自行調制藉由不等距分佈來降低系統總能 5
圖2-1光子能量與同吸收截面關係圖 8
圖2-2 XANES與EXAFS分界圖 13
圖2-3光電子平均自由路徑與能量關係圖 13
圖2-4單一散射與多重散射之圖像 14
圖2-5射出電子受鄰近原子的背向散射，而產生干涉現象 15
圖2-6 X光吸收光譜實驗示意圖 17
圖2-7三種光譜量測方法 19
圖2-8 X光吸收光譜之數據分析流程 20
圖3-1 SIS樣品(2 2 0)繞射峰 26
圖3-2 SIS樣品(1 1 0)平面之(a)變溫電阻率量測圖 27
(b)two theta long scan 27
圖3-3 (a)SIS樣品於I phase時的結構 28
(b)同步輻射光源電場偏振平行於(1 1 0)平面 28
(c)同步輻射光源電場偏振垂直於(1 1 0)平面 28
圖3-4不同溫度下針對衛星峰(3.5 4.5 0)所做量測結果 31
圖3-5衛星峰(3.5 4.5 0)積分強度以及半高寬對溫度作圖 32
圖3-6電場平行(1 1 0)平面變溫Sn K –edge EXAFS圖譜 35
圖3-7電場垂直(1 1 0)平面變溫Sn K –edge EXAFS圖譜 36
圖3-8電場平行(1 1 0)平面phase derivative analysis 39
圖3-9電場垂直(1 1 0)平面phase derivative analysis 40
圖3-10 (a)電場平行(1 1 0)平面Ir L3-edge變溫XANES圖譜 43
圖3-10 (b)電場垂直(1 1 0)平面Ir L3-edge變溫XANES圖譜 44
圖3-11電場平行及垂直(1 1 0)平面扣除背景值後積分強度對溫度作圖 45
圖3-12 (a)電場平行(1 1 0)平面Sn K-edge變溫XANES圖譜 47
圖3-12 (b)電場垂直(1 1 0)平面Sn K-edge變溫XANES圖譜 48
圖3-13 (a)高溫與低溫下平行(1 1 0)平面ARPES圖譜 52
圖3-13 (b)高溫與低溫下垂直(1 1 0)平面ARPES圖譜 53
圖3-14 (a)不同溫度下平行(1 1 0)平面費米面附近ARPES圖譜及一階微分結果 54
圖3-14 (b)不同溫度下垂直(1 1 0)平面費米面附近ARPES圖譜及一階微分結果 55

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