臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生質柴油為再生能源，通常是以植物油、廢棄食用油及動物脂肪中三酸甘油酯和醇類經由酸或鹼催化，進行轉酯化後得到烷基酯類。然而，生質柴油發展之最新趨勢為利用含油微生物中的油脂成分作為生質柴油之原料，稱為第三代生質柴油。本研究首先探討不同碳源：葡萄糖(glucose)、精緻甘油(pure glycerol)、粗甘油(crude glycerol)培養Rhodotorula glutinis對於油脂累積的影響。以粗甘油培養R. glutinis可得到總脂質含量最高達1.2 g/l，且粗甘油為生產生質柴油時之副產物，使用其作為碳源可降低生產成本，故以之作為後續培養的碳源。再以甲醇作為溶劑、NaOH作為催化劑，對R. glutinis進行直接轉酯化反應，並探討NaOH濃度、反應溫度、反應時間、甲醇添加量、水含量等因子對生質柴油產率的影響，找出其最適化條件。結果顯示直接轉酯化之最適NaOH濃度為1 g/l、反應溫度70oC、反應時間10 h、biomass : methanol (w/v)為1：20，可得到最大產率為102 %。

Biodiesel is a form of renewable energy. Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters usually produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils, used cooking oil and animal fats with simple alcohol; the reaction is usually catalyzed by strong acids or bases. Recently using microbial oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production has drawn a lot of attentions, the biodiesel produced with such feedstock is called third generation biodiesel. In this study, the effects of different carbon sources (glucose, refined glycerol and crude glycerol) on the accumulation of lipid in Rhodotorula glutinis were investigated. Using crude glycerol (a by-product from commercial biodiesel production) as the carbon source, the highest lipid concentration of 1.2 g/l was obtained. Crude glycerol was used as carbon source for later culturing. Furthermore, we attempted to produce biodiesel by direct transesterification of oleaginous yeast R. glutinis with NaOH as a catalyst. Variables including catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction time, methanol loading and moisture content were studied for their effects on the yield of biodiesel. The highest biodiesel yield of 102% was obtained when the reaction was carried out with 1 g/l NaOH and 1:20 (w/v) dried biomass to methanol ratio for 10 h at 70oC.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 生質柴油之簡介 1
1.2 產油微生物 2
1.3 黏紅酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)簡介 6
1.4 轉酯化反應 6
1.5 生質柴油之副產物-粗甘油(Crude glycerol) 13
1.6 實驗目的 14
第二章 材料與方法 15
2.1 實驗架構 15
2.2 實驗材料 16
2.2.1 菌株 16
2.2.2 實驗藥品 16
2.3 實驗器材 16
2.4分析方法 21
2.4.1 菌體濃度分析 21
2.4.2 總脂質濃度分析 21
2.4.3 油脂酸價測定 22
2.4.4 TLC (thin layer chromatography)定性分析 22
2.4.5 GC (gas chromatography)定量分析 23
2.5實驗方法 24
2.5.1 原始菌種保存 24
2.5.2 種子培養基 24
2.5.3 搖瓶發酵培養基 24
2.5.4 發酵槽發酵培養基 24
2.5.5 菌種培養(搖瓶) 25
2.5.6放大培養(發酵槽) 25
2.5.7 直接轉酯化反應 29
2.5.8 二階段轉酯化反應 29
第三章 結果與討論 30
3.1不同碳源對於脂質含量的影響 30
3.2 5 L攪拌式發酵槽批次發酵程序 30
3.3 不同NaOH濃度對於產率的影響 33
3.4 不同反應時間對於產率的影響 36
3.5不同反應溫度及時間對於產率的影響 38
3.6 不同甲醇添加量對於產率的影響 40
3.7 不同水含量對於產率的影響 42
3.8 脂肪酸甲酯成分組成 45
3.9 比較不同的轉酯化方法 47
第五章 參考文獻 51
第六章 附錄 55
6.1 附錄一 55
6.2 附錄二 56
6.2.1 使用之菌體及質體 56
6.2.2 實驗方法 56
6.2.3 實驗結果 63

劉懿嫻，2014，以粗甘油作為碳源探討利用氣舉式發酵槽培養Rhodotorula glutinis生產β-胡蘿蔔素及微生物油脂之可行性，碩士論文，化學工程與材料工程研究所，東海大學，台中市。
陳君菱，2017，對黏紅酵母進行酸催化之直接轉酯化以生產生質柴油，碩士論文，生物工程研究所，大同大學，台北市。
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