臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：探討急性有氧運動對過重青少年持續性注意力之影響。方：本研究招募20位國中過重青少年，每位皆受到相同時間的急性運動與靜態活動介入方式並用兩種測驗來檢驗介入後對注意力之影響。第一種為多參數反應時間測試儀，以簡單反應時間為主要測量工作；第二種為視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗，主要工作為辨識呈現圖像的相似度，並於介入前與立即後進行量測。結果：在急性有氧運動介入後，過重學童在反應時間、答題正確率與答題動作時間皆顯著的提升；然而在簡單反應時間工作裡所產生的動作時間則無顯著差異。結論：本研究發現，急性有氧運動對於簡單反應時間與視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗所推論出之持續性注意力，有所助益。透過本研究的初步探討，未來研究建議可由試測時間點、其他健身運動強度等方向作後續探討。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on attention and visual-space working memory for student with overweight. Methods: Twenty overweight students completed both Go-Nogo and visual-space working memory tasks in exercise and control (no exercise) conditions. The tasks and conditions were counterbalanced for each participant. Results: There were significant improvement for reaction time, movement time, and correct recognition rate after intervention of acute aerobic exercise (ps < .05). Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise could help overweight students to improve their attention and visual-space working memory performances. Based upon the initial evidences of the present study, future research is suggested to examine issues during or delay effect of exercise, sample size, and exercise intensity.

目錄

學位論文授權書 ii
學位考試審定書 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
謝誌 vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi

第壹章　緒論 1
第一節　研究背景與動機 1
第二節　研究目的 3
第三節　研究假設 4
第四節　研究範圍與研究限制 4
第五節　名詞解釋 5
第六節　研究的重要性 6

第貳章　文獻探討 8
第一節　注意力的涵義8
第二節　注意力的相關研究探討 12
第三節　急性有氧運動的概 15
第四節　過重族群相關研究 20

第參章　研究方法 24
第一節　研究流程 24
第二節　研究對象 25
第三節　研究工具 26
第四節　實驗設計與流程 29
第五節　統計分析 30

第肆章　研究結果與討論 32
第一節　多參數反應時間測試儀進行區辨反應成效的分析 32
第二節　視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗 36
第三節　討論 40

第伍章　研究結論與建議 44

參考文獻　 46
一、中文部分 46
二、外文部分 47

附錄　 53
附錄一　家長同意書 53

表目錄
表4-1　過重學生區辨反應正確率重複量數變異數分析摘要表 32
表4-2　過重學生區辨反應時間重複量數變異數分析摘要表 33
表4-3　過重學生區辨動作時間重複量數變異數分析摘要表 34
表4-4　過重學生視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗答題正確率重複量數
變異數分析摘要表 35
表4-5　過重學生視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗動作時間重複量數變
異數分析摘要表 36

圖目錄
圖3-1　多參數反應時間測試儀 27
圖3-2　視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗 28
圖3-3　觀賞介入影片 28
圖4-1　實驗參與者在不同測驗情形下的答題正確率 32
圖4-2　實驗參與者在不同測驗情形下的反應時間 34
圖4-3　實驗參與者在不同測驗情形下的動作時間 35
圖4-4　實驗參與者在前測與後測答題正確率 37
圖4-5　實驗參與者在不同測驗情形下視覺-空間工作記憶力測驗
的反應時間 39

一、中文部分
王俊智、陳豐慈、齊璘、張育愷 (2012)。急性健身運動時對威斯康辛卡片分類測驗之影響。大專體育學刊，14，349-358。
李佳瑩 (2014)。急性有氧運動對學障生注意力與判斷力之影響 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學，臺北市。
宋岱芬、張育愷、林季燕 (2015)。肥胖與體適能對孩童認知功能之影響。中華體育季刊，114，229-236。
胡永崇 (2001)。如何因應學生的注意力缺陷。國教天地，146，3-11。
陳豐慈、王俊智、祝堅恆、張育愷 (2013)。急性有氧健身運動對計畫相關執行功能之影響。體育學報，46，45-54。
陳豐慈、王俊智、齊璘、張育愷 (2013)。急性健身運動對計畫相關執行功能在立即與延續時間之影響：前導研究。大專體育學刊，15，29-39。
陳豐慈、王俊智、祝堅恆、張育愷 (2013)。急性有氧健身運動對計畫相關執行功能之影響。體育學報，46，45-54。
陳豐慈、張育愷 (2012)。阻力健身運動對老人認知功能影響之回顧。臺灣運動心理學，12，37-56。
陳榮章、張世沛、施國森、駱俊霖 ( 2011)。不同身體質量指數大學生體適能表現差異比較。臺南應用科大學報，30，141-152。
趙麗雲 (2008)。臺灣兒童及青少年體重過重與肥胖問題之綜評。中華體育季刊，22，35-46。
衛生福利部國民健康署 (2013)。國民營養健康狀況變遷調查。資料引自http://www.hpa.gov.tw/Bhpnet/Web/News/News.aspx?No=20140228001
衛生福利部國民健康署 (2013)。臺灣過重及肥胖的盛行率。資料引自http://obesity.hpa.gov.tw/web/content.aspx?T=C&no=243
劉人豪、詹貴惠、張育愷 (2015)。健身運動對肥胖者認知功能之影響。大專體育，134，74-84。
顏永杰 (2008)。肥胖與情緒管理。義大醫訊，4，45-47。

二、外文部分
Andre, C., Dinel, A. L., Ferreira, G., Laye, S., & Castanon, N. (2014). Diet-induced obesity progressively alters cognition, anxiety-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive like behavior: Focus on brain indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 41, 10-21.
Audiffren, M., Tomporowski, P. D., & Zagrodnik, J. (2009). Acute aerobic exercise and information processing: Modulation of executive control in a random number generation task. Acta Psychologica, 132, 85-95.
Asztalos, M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Cardon, G. (2009). The relationship between physical activity and mental health varies across activity intensity levels and dimensions of mental health among women and men. Public Health Nutrition, 13, 1-8.
Beydoun, M. A., Beydoun, H. A., & Wang, Y. (2008). Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 9, 204-218.
Bryana, J., & Tiggemannb, M. (2001). The effect of weight-loss dieting on cognitive performance and psychological well-being in overweight women. Appetite, 36, 147-156.
Bugg, J. M., Shah, K., Villareal, D. T., & Head, D. (2012). Cognitive and neural correlates of aerobic fitness in obese older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 38, 131-145.
Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R. K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Chang, Y. K., & Etnier, J. L. (2009). Effects of an acute bout of localized resistance exercise on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 19-24.
Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta analytic study. Psychological Science, 14, 125- 130.
Cordova, C., Silva, V. C., Moraes, C. F., Simoes, H. G., & Nobrega, O. T. (2009). Acute exercise performed close to the anaerobic threshold improves cognitive performance in elderly females. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 42, 458-464.
Cserjesi, R., Molnar, D., Luminet, O., & Lenard, L. (2007). Is there any relationship between obesity and mental flexibility in children? Appetite, 49, 675-678.
Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., Boyle, C. A., Waller,J. L., Miller, P. H., Naglieri, J. A., & Gregoski, M. (2007). Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children’s cognitive functioning: A randomized controlled trial. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 510-519.
Davranche, K., Hall, B., & McMorris, T (2009). Effect of acute exercise on cognitive control required during an Eriksen Flanker task. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 628-639.
Das, J. P., Naglieri, J. A., & Kirby, J. R. (1994). Assessment of cognitive process- PASS theory of intelligence. New York: Ally and Bacon.
Dietrich, A., & Sparling, P. B. (2004). Endurance exercise selectively impairs prefrontal-dependent cognition. Brain and Cognition, 55, 516-524.
Donnelly, J. E., Blair, S. N., Jakicic, J. M., Manore, M. M., Rankin, J. W., & Smith, B. K. (2009). Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41, 459-471.
Edmunds, L., Waters, E., & Elliott, E. J. (2001). Evidence based paediatrics: Evidence based management of childhood obesity. British Medical Journal, 323, 916-919.
Eimer, M., Nattkemper, D., Schroger, E., & Prinz, W. (1996). Involuntary attention. In O. Neumann & A. F. Sanders (Eds.), Hanbook of perception and action. Vol.3: Attention (pp. 155-184). San Diego: Academic Press.
Elias, M. F., Elias, P. K., Sullivan, L. M., Wolf, P. A., & D’Agostino, R. B. (2005). Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The framingham heart study. Neurobiology of Aging, 26, 11-16.
Etnier, J. L., Salazar, W., Landers, D. M., Petruzzello, S. J., Han, M., & Nowell, P. (1997). The influence of physical fitness and exercise upon cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 249-277.
Etnier, J. L., & Chang, Y. K. (2009). The effect of physical activity on executive function: A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 469-483.
James, W. (1890). The principle of Psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Holt.
Joyce, J., Graydon, J., McMorris, T., & Davranche, K. (2009). The time course effect of moderate intensity exercise on response execution and response inhibition. Brain and Cognition, 71, 14-19.
Kesaniemi, Y. A., Danforth, E., Jr., Jensen, M. D., Kopelman, P. G., Lefebvre, P., & Reeder, B. A. (2001). Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: An evidence-based symposium. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 351-358.
Kramer, A. F., Erickson, K. I., & Colcombe, S. J. (2006). Exercise, cognition, and the aging brain. Journal of Applied Physiology, 101, 1237-1242.
Lakhan, S. E., & Kirchgessner, A. (2013). The emerging role of dietary fructose in obesity and cognitive decline. Nutrition Journal, 12, 114-125.
Little, T., Das, J. P., Carlson, J., & Yachimowicz, D. (1993). The role of hierarchical skills in cognitive ability as moderators in deficits in academic performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 5, 219-240.
McMorris, T., & Graydon, J. (2000). The effect of incremental exercise on cognitive performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 66-81.
Nederkoorn, C., Coelho, J. S., Guerrieri, R., Houben, K., & Jansen, A. (2012). Specificity of the failure to inhibit responses in overweight children. Appetite, 59, 409-413.
Norman, D. A. (1976). Memory and attention (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Pontifex, M. B., & Hillman, C.H. (2007). Neuro electric and behavioral in dices of interference control during acute cycling. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 570-580.
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2005). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Scheweizer, K., Zimmermann, P., & Koch, W. (2000). Sustained attention, Intelligence and the Crucial Role of Perceptual Process. Learning and Individual Differences, 12, 271-286.
Telford, C. W. (1931). The refractory phase of voluntary and associative response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 1-36.
Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica, 112, 297-324.
Wardle, J., & Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19, 421-440. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006
Welch, J. C. (1898). On the measurement of mental activity through muscular activity and the determination of a constant of attention. American Journal of Physiology, 1, 283-306.
Welford, A. T. (1968). Fundamental of skill. London: Methuen.
Wirt, T., Hundsdorfer, V., Schreiber, A., Kesztyus, D., & Steinacker, J. M. (2014). Associations between inhibitory control and body weight in German primary school children. Eating Behaviors, 15, 9-12.