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研究生:安琪拉
研究生(外文):Angela Collenberg
論文名稱:Survey on the Attitudes among University Students towards People with Intellectual and Physical Disability in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
論文名稱(外文):Survey on the Attitudes among University Students towards People with Intellectual and Physical Disability in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
指導教授:黃嵩立黃嵩立引用關係
指導教授(外文):Song-Lih Huang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立陽明大學
系所名稱:國際衛生碩士學位學程
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:公共衛生學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:英文
論文頁數:83
中文關鍵詞:N/A
外文關鍵詞:Attitudes among studentsPersons with disabilityIntellecutal and Physical disabilityEducational and Health care department in Banda AcehIndonesia
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Background: Educational and health care professionals’ attitudes can have a significant effect on the decision of persons with disabilities (PWDs) attending school or seeking health care. The professionals mostly develop their attitudes early in education.
Objectives: This study main objective is to assess the attitudes towards people with physical and intellectual disability among undergraduate university students from educational (primary teaching and psychology) and health care (nursing and medical) programs in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. We also want to explore the attitudinal differences (1) among the four departments, (2) between the first and fifth semester, and (3) towards people with intellectual disability (ID) and physical disability (PD).
Methods: We used an exploratory cross-sectional survey method and developed the questionnaire based on literature review and adapted into the culture of the study site. The “ATTID questionnaire” from Morin et. al was used as a reference for our questionnaire. Among the four departments from three universities in Banda Aceh, 963 questionnaires were collected in class, with a response rate of 85.7%. Only students from the first and fifth semester were included in the study.

Results: The results showed that students’ attitudes were generally positive. They had higher scores on questions concerning governmental help or rights of PWDs compared to personal interaction with or inclusion of PWDs in society. Having previous contact with PWDs was significantly correlated to positive attitudes. (1) The fifth semester had slightly higher positive attitudes compared to the first semester. (2) The medical department had the most positive attitudes compared to primary teaching department who had the least. (3) No clear pattern was detected comparing attitudes towards intellectual and physical disability.

Conclusion: The overall students’ attitudes were positive, but they had a relatively low level of understanding of disabilities, as well as a lack of pre-service training. These students have a high chance to get in contact with PWDs in their professional career and should be prepared for it. Therefore, suggestions to include disability issues in university curriculum and emphasize an early contact with PWD can be made.
Acknowledgments i
Abstract iii
Table of Contents v
List of Tables and Figures viii
List of Abbreviations x
1. Introduction 1
2. Literature Review 4
2.1. Persons with disability 4
2.1.1. Intellectual disability 4
2.1.2. Physical disability 6
2.2. Rights of PWDs in Indonesia 6
2.3. Attitudes towards PWDs 8
2.3.1. General barriers for PWDs 8
2.3.2. Definition of Attitudes 8
2.3.3. Societal and parental attitudes towards PWDs 9
2.3.4. Attitudes among health care professionals and students 12
2.3.5. Attitudes among educational professionals and students 13
2.4. Gap and Significance 15
2.5. Study objectives 16
2.5.1. Specific Objectives 16
3. Methodology 17
3.1. Study site 17
3.2. Study design and population 18
3.3. Data collection and material 20
3.3.1. Questionnaire 20
3.3.2. Data collection 22
3.4. Data Analysis 22
3.4.1. Analytical sample 22
3.4.2. Statistical analysis 23
3.5. Ethical considerations 27
3.6. Round-table Discussion and Observations 27
4. Results 29
4.1. Participants 29
4.1.1. Basic characteristics: Intellectual disability 29
4.1.2. Basic characteristics: Physical disability 31
4.2. Attitudes towards persons with intellectual and physical disability 33
4.2.1. Overview statements concerning ID 33
4.2.2. Overview statements concerning PD 34
4.2.3. Participants’ tendency to think about ID 36
4.2.4. Participants’ tendency to think about PD 37
4.2.5. Participants’ feelings towards ID and PD 38
4.2.6. Students’ preparedness 39
4.3. Groups and comparison 41
4.3.1. Integration of persons with ID 41
4.3.2. Interaction with persons with ID 44
4.3.3. Support for persons with PD 46
4.3.4. Inclusion and Participation of persons with PD 49
4.4. Compare questions between ID and PD 51
4.5. Comments of the students and study site observations 53
5. Discussion 56
5.1. General attitudes towards PWDs 56
5.1.1. Students’ feeling towards PWDs 57
5.1.2. Students’ knowledge 58
5.1.3. Disability as a will of God 59
5.2. Attitudinal differences 61
5.2.1. Differences in attitudes across the departments 61
5.2.2. Attitudinal differences between semester and other factors 64
5.2.3. Differences between ID and PD part 65
5.3. Limitation of the study 66
5.4. Further studies 67
5.5. Policy implications 67
6. Conclusion 69
7. References 70
Appendix 76

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1 Total number of students, collected questionnaires and response rate by department, university and semester. 19
Table 2 Factor analysis for the ID part 24
Table 3 Factor analysis for the PD part 25
Table 4: Basic characteristics of participants in ID sample based on semester 30
Table 5 Selected characteristics based on departments 30
Table 6: Basic characteristics of participants in PD based on semester 32
Table 7 Selected characteristics of PD participants based on department 32
Table 8 Overview statements concerning ID 33
Table 9 Overview statements concerning PD 35
Table 10 Participants' tendency to think about ID 37
Table 11 Participants' tendency to think about PD 38
Table 12 Feelings towards a person with DS 39
Table 13 Feelings towards a person with PD 39
Table 14 Students' preparedness for persons with ID 40
Table 15 Students' preparedness for persons with PD 41
Table 16 Group 1: Integration of persons with ID based on department 42
Table 17 Group 1: Comparison across other factors 43
Table 18 Group 2: Interaction with persons with ID based on departments 45
Table 19 Group 2: Comparison findings across other factors 46
Table 20 Group 3: Support for PD based on department 47
Table 21 Group 3: Comparison of findings across other factors 48
Table 22 Group 4: Inclusion and Participation of persons with PD based on departments 50
Table 23 Group 4: Comparison of findings across other factors 51
Table 24 Compare students' answers between ID and PD 52
Table 25 Grouping of students' comments 53

Figure 1 Sample size 23
Figure 2 Group 1: Mean, SD and significance findings across the departments 43
Figure 3 Group 2: Mean, SD and significance findings among the departments 46
Figure 4 Group 3: Mean, SD and significance findings among the departments 48
Figure 5 Group 4: Mean, SD and significance findings among the departments 51
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