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研究生:黃怡碧
研究生(外文):Yi-Bee Huang
論文名稱:聯合國人權指標在地化的現況與挑戰: 以建立工作權指標及身心障礙權利指標為例
論文名稱(外文):Challenges of Contextualizing UN Human Rights Indicators in Taiwan: Focusing on the Right to Work and CRPD Rights
指導教授:黃嵩立黃嵩立引用關係
指導教授(外文):Song-Lih Huang
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立陽明大學
系所名稱:公共衛生研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:公共衛生學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:137
中文關鍵詞:人權指標人權公約聯合國身心障礙者權利公約
外文關鍵詞:human rightsindicatorshuman rights conventionsUnited NationsConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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人權指標是聯合國人權高級專員辦公室為評估各國人權的落實狀況而發展出來的監測工具。這是具有規範性的指標,其概念架構是要把人權公約抽象的權利觀念轉化為具體可被測量的指標項目。本研究主要目的在分析此一指標在台灣應用的可能性。
第一部分研究,是將人權高級專員辦公室所發展的工作權指標在地化。研究方法是法律研析、專家座談、以及特定對象之焦點座談。特定對象包括原住民、新移民、身心障礙者。經過訪談以及討論之後,產生修改聯合國指標的建議:增加集體勞動權此一要素,並且增加數個指標,包括兼顧工作與家庭、職場歧視、非自願部分工時工作。此外,本研究對聯合國人權指標的工作方法—分組分析,指出現行行政統計資料以及全國性調查之限制,並具體建議數個改進方案。
第二部分研究,則是應用聯合國人權指標的概念架構,為身心障礙者發展指標。聯合國人權指標是以全人口為對象,再以分組分析呈現特定族群的差異。然而,由於分組分析的資料限制以及身心障礙者的特殊需求,應可根據《身心障礙者權利公約》另行發展指標。本研究借用聯合國之架構與方法學,初步發展平等不歧視、無障礙、自由與人身完整性等三組指標。
本研究亦討論人權指標理論上與應用上的限制,並對後續研究提出建議。雖然人權指標有其限制,但本研究認為政府可以採取此一工具,定期收集並發佈指標資訊,以利監督是否落實其人權義務。
Human rights indicators are tools developed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to monitor the fulfilment of human rights obligations of each country. Indicators are normative in that the conceptual framework aims to transform principles contained in the human rights conventions into measurable indicators. The purpose of this research is to analyze the possibility of applying this indicator in Taiwan.
The first part of the study is contextualization of the “right to work” indicator developed by the OHCHR. The methods included legal analysis, consultation with experts, and focus group discussions among vulnerable populations such as indigenous peoples, recent immigrants, and persons with disabilities. Following consultations and discussions, suggestions for amending the OHCHR indicators included adding an attribute on collective labor rights, and adding some indicators: combining work and family life, workplace discrimination, and involuntary part-time employment. In addition, this research identified the shortcoming of performing data disaggregation using the currently available administrative data or national surveys; several methods of improvement were proposed.
The second part of research was applying the OHCHR framework to develop a set of indicators for persons with disabilities. The UN human rights indicators were developed to cover the total population, and detect difference in the achievement of human rights among specific sub-populations by data disaggregation. However, because of the limitations faced by data disaggregation and the special needs of persons with disabilities, it seems reasonable to develop specific indicators based on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This research borrowed OHCHR’s conceptual framework and methods, and developed three sets of indicators on discrimination, accessibility, and bodily integrity.
The theoretical and practical limitations of the use of indicators were discussed, and some follow-up research were suggested. Despite these limitations, the study suggests that the government can make use of human rights indicators to collect and release information as tools to monitor the fulfillment of human rights obligations.
目 錄
誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 v
略語表 vi
第一章、研究背景說明 1
第一節、緒言 1
第二節、影響健康的社會因素:工作與健康之關連 2
第三節、國家人權義務 6
第四節、國家在工作權上之義務 8
第五節、評估經濟社會權利之落實 11
第六節、身心障礙者權利 12
第二章、聯合國人權指標 14
第一節、聯合國人權監督機制 14
第二節、人權指標與國家義務 18
第三節、OHCHR的指標發展工作 24
第四節、聯合國人權指標概念與方法學架構 26
第五節、聯合國人權指標之脈絡化 31
第三章、研究方法 33
第一節、工作權研究方法 33
第二節、發展身心障礙者權利指標 39
第四章、工作權指標在地化 45
第一節、確認人權規範依據 45
第二節、工作權內涵與聯合國工作權指標 48
第三節、專家建議 53
第四節、焦點座談對工作權指標之建議 58
第五節、人權指標之建立與定期發表 71
第五章、身心障礙權利指標 76
第一節、為特定族群設計指標之必要性 76
第二節、CRPD與可持續發展指標 77
第三節、丹麥黃金指標 99
第四節、身心障礙者權利指標芻議 103
第六章、討論 114
第一節、工作權與健康不平等 114
第二節、人權指標的限制 117
第三節、聯合國人權指標在我國之運用 121
第四節、人權指標之制度設計芻議 123
第五節、研究限制與研究建議 125
第七章 結論 130
參考文獻 133
表目錄
表1.1 聯合國九大核心人權公約對台灣之拘束力 8
表4.1工作權指標各要素所對應之《經社文公約》條文 50
表4.2 聯合國工作權範例指標(世界人權宣言第23條) 51
表4.3 集體勞動權指標 55
表4.4 本研究計劃建議之台灣工作權指標 63
表4.5 訪談與問卷受訪者對工作權之意見 66
表5.1 與障礙者或易受傷害族群相關之可持續發展目標與指標 81
表5.2 仁川戰略指標與對應之CRPD條文 92
表5.3 丹麥黃金指標與對應之CRPD條文 100
表5.4 CRPD專要文件撰寫準則要求之量性指標 104
表5.5 應優先建立指標之CRPD權利事項 106
表5.6 身心障礙平等不歧視指標 (涉及第2、5、12、24、25、27、28等條) 109
表5.7 無障礙指標 (涉及第7、9、20、24、25、29、30條) 110
表5.8 自由與人身完整性指標 (涉及14-17條) 112

圖目錄

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