臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的:本研究為解決高齡者社會參與的意圖及行為，進而提高社會支持，以使用者經驗為基礎來設計高齡者之社會參與為主題的App，透過觀察及訪談，了解高齡者日常生活使用智慧型手機之需求及社會參與之需求，基於上述兩部分，找出適宜的App設計方針，發展智慧型手機「高齡者社會參與App」(SSP-App)，並進行前驅試驗，以評值SSP-App整體使用性及操作介面主觀評估；接著瞭解SSP-App介入對高齡者社會支持、社會參與意圖及社會參與行為之成效。
方法:本研究第一部分以使用者經驗為基礎，發展智慧型手機SSP-App，先以使用智慧型手機與社會參與為基礎的訪談大綱進行質性研究，了解高齡者使用智慧型手機與社會參與需求並藉以發展合宜介面之App，最後透過前驅測試SSP-App，修改及完成SSP-App。第二部分驗證SSP-App之成效，採取準實驗性研究方法，以隨機分配分成實驗組與控制組兩組，採重覆性測量，以評值高齡者使用SPP-App對高齡者社會支持、社會參與意圖及社會參與行為之成效。
結果:SSP-App友善介面，必須畫面可用手指撥大撥小、功能選項介面不要只是圖示需有文字解釋、避免英文、過程簡單、介面間距要大、須有密碼及可支援各種作業系統。主要六大功能，分別為「活動夥伴留言板」、「活動找一找」提供各類活動訊息、「樂齡加油站」給予知識、「交通資訊」、「活動計畫及提醒系統」與「急救站」。SSP-App前驅性試驗得測試者大部分都持正向肯定。SSP-App在介入第4週僅有對社會參與意圖具有成效；SSP-App在介入第12週對社會支持、社會參與意圖及社會參與行為均具有成效。
結論與建議：本研究運用質性方法了解高齡者使用App社會參與之設計需求而發展完成的SSP-App，可以適合高齡者使用。設計之SSP-App在介入第4週對社會參與意圖具有成效；介入第12週對社會支持、社會參與意圖及社會參與行為均具有成效。建議未來利用SSP-App提供老人獲得在地的、可負擔的活動參與訊息，並降低活動參與的障礙，提高社區老人社會參與的意圖與行為，提升社會支持與生活品質，以達在地活躍老化的目標。

Objective: This study designed an application, focused on the social participation of seniors and based on user experience, to resolve the social participation intention and behavior of seniors, thereby increasing social support. The smartphone use and social participation needs of seniors were examined through observation and interviews, and were used as the basis for determining appropriate guidelines for the application design and developing the Senior Social Participation App (SSP-App) for smartphones. A precursor experiment was conducted to evaluate the overall usability of and the operational interface of the SSP-App, and to investigate the effects of the SSP-App intervention on seniors’ social support, social participation intention, and social participation behavior.
Results: In order to ensure that the SPP-APP interface was user-friendly, it needed to allow for touch screen adjustments to image sizes, provide written descriptions in the options interface rather than just icons, avoid English language, involve simple processes, maximize the interface spacing, require a password, and support different operating systems. The six main functions included an “activity partner message board”, an “activity search” that provided information about different activities, a “senior info station” which provided useful information, a “transportation information function”, an “event planning and notification system”, and a “first-aid station”. The majority of participants in the SPP-App precursor test expressed approval. After four weeks of intervention, the SSP-App had an effect only on social participation intentions. After 12 weeks of intervention, SSP-App had an effect on social support, as well as social participation intentions and behavior.
Conclusions and suggestions: SSP-App was developed after the design requirements of an App for social participation for seniors were investigated through qualitative research. After four weeks of intervention, the SSP-App had an effect only on social participation intentions. After 12 weeks of intervention, SSP-App had an effect on social support, as well as social participation intentions and behavior. It is suggested that SSP-App can be used to provide seniors with information regarding social participation and deliver activity-related information suitable for the user.

摘要-----------------------------------------------i
Abstract-------------------------------------------iii
目錄-----------------------------------------------v
圖目錄---------------------------------------------vii
表目錄---------------------------------------------ix
第一章 緒論---------------------------------------1
第一節 研究背景------------------------------------1
第二節 研究動機與重要性------------------------------3
第三節 研究目的-------------------------------------5
第四節 名詞解釋-------------------------------------6
第二章 文獻查證------------------------------------7
第一節 社會參與-------------------------------------7
第二節 資訊通訊科技---------------------------------28
第三節 高齡者社會參與與資訊通訊科技-------------------34
第三章 研究方法------------------------------------41
第一節 發展高齡者社會參與Ａpp------------------------41
第二節 社區高齡者使用高齡者社會參與App之成效-----------48
第三節 倫理考量-------------------------------------56
第四章 研究結果-------------------------------------57
第一節 發展高齡者社會參與App-------------------------58
第二節 高齡者社會參與App之成效------------------------92
第五章 討論-----------------------------------------106
第一節 發展高齡者社會參與App-------------------------106
第二節 高齡者社會參與App介入對社會支持、社會參與意圖
及社會參與行為之成效-------------------------111
第六章 結論、建議與研究限制-------------------------115
第一節 結論-----------------------------------------115
第二節 建議-----------------------------------------118
第三節 研究限制--------------------------------------120
參考文獻---------------------------------------------121
附錄
附錄一「國立陽明大學人體研究暨倫理委員會」同意函(第一部分)-140
附錄二「國立陽明大學人體研究暨倫理委員會」同意函(第二部分)-141
附錄三 問卷(前測) -------------------------------------142
附錄四 問卷(後測) -------------------------------------145
附錄五 情緒社會支持量表中文版使用同意書------------------147
圖目錄
圖1發展高齡者社會參與APP研究過程------------------------43
圖2 SUS分數對應表------------------------------------46
圖3研究架構------------------------------------------48
圖4研究步驟及收案流程---------------------------------51
圖5高齡者社會參與App功能方塊圖-------------------------70
圖6輸入密碼之登入作業----------------------------------73
圖7 APP首頁------------------------------------------74
圖8活動找一找-----------------------------------------75
圖9分項之各個活動-------------------------------------76
圖10活動資料表----------------------------------------76
圖11連結原始活動資訊網站-------------------------------77
圖12交通資訊-----------------------------------------78
圖13加入活動計畫及提醒--------------------------------79
圖14活動夥伴留言板-----------------------------------80
圖15樂齡加油站---------------------------------------81
圖16急救站-------------------------------------------82
圖17首頁修正前---------------------------------------89
圖18首頁修正後---------------------------------------89
圖19畫面底色修正前-----------------------------------89
圖20畫面底色修正後-----------------------------------89
圖21活動找一找首頁修正前------------------------------90
圖22活動找一找首頁修正後------------------------------90
圖23間距修正前---------------------------------------90
圖24間距修正後---------------------------------------90
圖25活動夥伴留言板貼圖修正前--------------------------91
圖26活動夥伴留言板貼圖修正後--------------------------91
圖27二組社會支持之變化趨勢圖--------------------------97
圖28二組社會參與意圖之變化趨勢圖----------------------100
圖29二組社會參與行為之變化趨勢圖-----------------------103
表目錄
表1社會參與的特徵屬性---------------------------------8
表2訪談大綱------------------------------------------44
表3驗證「高齡者社會參與App」成效之研究設計--------------49
表4質性研究個案基本資料 -------------------------------58
表5主題一覽表-----------------------------------------59
表6前驅性試驗基本資料分佈情形--------------------------83
表7系統使用性尺度量表描述性統計------------------------84
表8 NASA-TLX工作負荷指標量表描述性統計-----------------85
表9介入前實驗組與控制組之類別變項之分佈與同質性檢定-------95
表10介入前實驗組與控制組之連續變項之分佈與同質性檢定------96
表11實驗組與控制組社會支持之分佈與改變情形---------------97
表12以GEE分析二組社會支持前測、介入4週及介入12週之改變趨勢-99
表13以GEE分析二組社會支持前測、介入4週及介入12週之介入成效-99
表14實驗組與控制組社會參與意圖之分佈與改變情形------------100
表15以GEE分析二組社會參與意圖前測、介入4週及介入12週之改變趨勢-102
表16以GEE分析二組社會參與意圖前測、介入4週及介入12週之介入成效-102
表17實驗組與控制組社會參與行為之分佈與改變情形-----------103
表18 GEE分析二組社會參與行為前測、介入4週及介入12週之改變趨勢---105
表19以GEE分析二組社會參與行為前測、介入4週及介入12週之介入成效-105

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