臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

本研究以一具四行程單缸水冷500c.c.汽油引擎，改裝為GDI缸內直噴汽油引擎做為試驗載具，除了原始所搭載使用之供油系統外，並加裝一套高壓共軌噴射系統，將燃油噴射壓力從3.5Bar提升至100 Bar。本研究將分別設定三種不同轉速(rpm= 3000、4000、5000)，並以節氣門開度(TPS%)為依據，分別設定三種TPS%，來假設引擎的低、中、高負載狀況(TPS=20%、30%、40%)，噴射正時固定在進氣上死點後70°CA，並將當量比固定Φ=1.2之情況下，進而探討汽油與二乙醚在不同體積比之比例混合燃燒下，引擎性能表現及廢氣排放污染之情形分析。

本研究共分為兩個部分，第一部分為純汽油燃燒(未混合二乙醚，以下稱之為baseline)，固定油壓、噴射正時及固定Φ=1.2，改變不同轉速及負載，測試出GDI引擎，在汽油燃燒狀況下，引擎基本性能表現及排放污染。

本研究第二部分將在燃油中，分別使用兩種不同燃油混合比例，分別為二乙醚20%混合汽油80%(以下稱之為E20)及二乙醚10%混合汽油90%(以下稱之為E10)。其燃油調和方式皆使用預先混合體積比，固定油壓、噴射正時及固定Φ=1.2，改變不同轉速及負載，測試出GDI引擎，在不同燃油混合比例燃燒狀況下，與第一部分做資料對比分析，來探討汽油混摻二乙醚下對引擎性能及排汙影響。

本研究結果顯示，在隨著上升二乙醚摻混汽油之預混體積比比例時，結果呈現扭力有些微上升的趨勢，最大扭力提升16%，此外在CO、HC、CO2、NOx的部分反之有呈現下降趨勢，其中HC下降有整體之趨勢，HC大幅下降7.4%~63.1%，CO也有大部分下降趨勢，最大降幅來到28%。且因二乙醚相較於汽油更容易揮發，能吸走大量的熱量，以致NOx也有下降之趨勢，最大降幅來到43.9%。由本研究結果得知在汽油內混合二乙醚可以使引擎燃燒更完全，整體扭力提升及改善污染排放。

關鍵字: GDI、二乙醚、混合燃料、共軌汽油引擎、引擎汙染排放

ABSTRACT
This study applied, a four-stroke single-cylinder water-cooled gasoline engine 500c.c., converted to GDI direct injection gasoline engine as a test vehicle, in addition to the original equipped with the use of the fuel supply system, and install a set of high- Rail injection system, the fuel injection pressure from 3.5Bar to 100 Bar. In this study, three different TPS%, respectively, were set based on three different speeds (rpm = 3000, 4000, 5000) based on the throttle opening (TPS%), assuming the engine's low, medium and high load conditions = 20%, 30%, 40%), the injection timing was fixed at 70 ° CA after the top dead center of the inlet and the equivalent ratio was fixed to 1.2, and the ratio of gasoline to diethyl ether in different volume ratio Analysis of engine performance and pollution of exhaust emission under mixed combustion.

This paper is divided into two parts. The first part is the baseline gasoline, fixed oil pressure, injection timing and fixed Φ = 1.2, change the speed and load, test the GDI engine. Under the condition of gasoline combustion, Basic performance and emission pollution.

The second part of this study will use two different fuel blending ratios in the fuel. Respectively diethyl ether 20% mixed gasoline 80%(E20) diethyl ether 20% mixed gasoline 80%(E10). The fuel blend method is to use the pre-mixed volume ratio, fixed oil pressure, spray timing and fixed Φ = 1.2, change the speed and load, test the GDI engine, fuel mixture in different combustion conditions, and the first part of the data comparison Analysis, to explore the gasoline mixed with diethyl ether on engine performance and sewage impact.

The results show that with the increase in the proportion of premixed volume ratio of diethyl ether blended gasoline, the results showed a slight upward trend in torque, the maximum torque increased by 16%, in addition to CO, HC, CO2, NOx part of the reverse HC declined to a whole trend, HC decreased by 7.4% to 63.1%, CO also has the majority of the downward trend, the biggest drop to 28%. And because diethyl ether is more volatile than gasoline, can absorb a lot of heat, resulting in a downward trend in NOx, the biggest drop came 43.9%. From the results of this study that mixed with diethyl ether in the gasoline engine combustion can be more complete, the overall torque increase and improve pollution emissions.
Key Words: GDI, ether , blendx ,common rail ,emissions

目錄
中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
符號說明 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
第二章 研究動機與背景 2
2-1研究動機 2
2-2 文獻回顧 3
2-3汽油引擎廢氣污染物生成之機制 13
2-4研究目的 15
第三章 實驗設備 16
3-1引擎設備之總覽 16
3-1-1實驗引擎的動力性能量測與控制設備 17
3-1-2實驗引擎人機介面監控與電子噴射圖控系統 19
3-1-3實驗引擎廢氣量測裝置 22
3-2實驗引擎GDI引擎噴嘴設置及高壓共軌系統 22
3-2-1 GDI電子噴射之高壓共軌供油系統 22
第四章 結果與討論 26
4-1 GDI引擎使用單一噴射模式下，使用純汽油作為燃料之性能及排污表現 27
4-1-1第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之引擎性能表現 28
4-1-1-1 第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之扭力輸出表現 28
4-1-1-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之容積效率 29
4-1-1-3第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之燃油消耗率(BSFC)之表現 29
4-1-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之引擎污染排放表現 31
4-1-2-1第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之一氧化碳CO排放 31
4-1-2-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之碳氫化合物HC排放 32
4-1-2-3第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之氮氧化合物NOx排放 33
4-1-2-4第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之二氧化碳CO2排放 34
4-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚混合汽油，作為燃料之引擎性能表現及影響 35
4-2-1第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之扭力輸出表現對性能之影響 35
4-2-1-1第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之扭力輸出表現對性能之影響 36
4-2-1-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之容積效率對性能之影響 39
4-2-1-3第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之燃油消耗率(BSFC)對性能之影響 42
4-2-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚取代汽油作為燃料之污染排放表現 44
4-2-2-1第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之一氧化碳CO排放及影響 45
4-2-2-2第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之碳氫化合物HC排放及影響 47
4-2-2-3 第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比之二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之氮氧化合物NOx排放及影響 50
4-2-2-4第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之二氧化碳CO2排放及影響 53
第五章 結論與未來展望 56
5-1結論 56
5-2 建議與未來展望 57
參考文獻 59


表目錄

表 3-1 實驗用單缸引擎規格 17
表3-2 電子熱線式空氣流量計規格表 19
表 3-3 PCI 多工資料擷取卡規格表 21
表 3-4 PCI 計數/計時卡規格表 21
表 3-5 GDI噴嘴及高壓共軌系統規格表 24


圖目錄
圖2-1 PFI引擎與GDI引擎噴油嘴位置示意 3
圖3-1 實驗設備總圖 16
圖3-2 動力計與引擎測試平台 18
圖3-3引擎控制程式介面 20
圖3-4引擎汽缸頭改裝GDI噴嘴位置示意圖 22
圖3-5BOSCH高壓單孔斜噴式噴油嘴 24
圖3-6噴嘴燃油質量特性曲線圖 25
圖4-1 噴射正時為70°CA時噴霧與活塞相對位置 27
圖4-2 噴射正時為170°CA時噴霧與活塞相對位置 27
圖4-3第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之扭力輸出表現 28
圖4-4 第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之容積效率 29
圖4-5第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之燃油消耗率(BSFC) 30
圖4-6第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之一氧化碳CO排放 31
圖4-7第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之碳氫化合物HC排放 32
圖4-8第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之氮氧化合物NOx排放 33
圖4-9第一階段噴射控制下，使用純汽油作為燃料之二氧化碳CO2排放 34
圖4-10第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之扭力輸出表現對性能之影響 38
圖4-11第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之容積效率對性能之影響 41
圖4-12第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之燃油消耗率(BSFC)對性能之影響 44
圖4-13第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之一氧化碳CO排放及影響 47
圖4-14第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之碳氫化合物HC排放及影響 49
圖4-15第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之氮氧化合物NOx排放及影響 52
圖4-16第一階段噴射控制下，使用添加10%、20%體積比二乙醚之混合汽油作為燃料之二氧化碳CO2排放及影響 55


符號說明

AFR 空燃比(Air Fuel Ratio)
BSFC 比燃油消耗量(Brake Specific Fuel Consumption)
CA 曲軸角度(Crank Angle)
DICI 直噴式壓縮點火(Direct Injection, Compression Ignition)
DISI 直噴式火花點火(Direct Injection, Spark Ignition)
DOHC 雙凸輪軸(Dual Overhead Camshafts)
EOI 噴射結束角(End of Injection)
FID 燃油噴射區間(Fuel Injection Duration)
GDI 汽油引擎缸內直噴(Gasoline Direct Injection)
n 引擎轉速(rpm)
Mass Fuel Rate 燃油質量流率(g/min)
PFI 進氣歧管燃油噴射(Port Fuel Injection)
RPM 引擎每分鐘的回轉數
SOI 噴射起始角(Start of Injection)
TPS 節汽門開度感知器(Throttle Position Sensor)
Ф 燃油-空氣當量比(Fuel / Air Equivalence Ratio)

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