玫瑰草(Cymbopogon martinii)，原產於印度，屬於禾本科的植物，萃取方法不同會影響精油組成分，進一步影響生物活性。因此，本研究將玫瑰草之葉子，使用水蒸氣蒸餾法(SD)及無溶劑微波萃取法(SFME)做精油萃取，並將玫瑰草精油進行成分鑑定，測定其抗菌、抗氧化、抗發炎、美白的活性評估，並另外比較主成份對生物活性的影響，比較其差異性，作為應用參考。
利用氣相層析質譜法(GC-MS)進行成分分析，結果顯示，SFME主成分為citronellal (36.14%)、geraniol (17.04%)、citronellol (10.38%)；SD主成分為citronellal (22.36%)、nerol (20.66%)、citronellol (13.03%)，兩種萃取法皆以citronellal成分的含量最高。在抗菌活性試驗中，S. aureus抗菌效果為SD精油效果較佳。在抗發炎試驗中，NO自由基清除能力測定，SD精油優於SFME精油；而抑制5-LOX能力測定，SD精油優於SFME精油。在抗氧化試驗中，清除DPPH自由基除力測定部分，SFME精油優於SD精油；而抑制β-胡蘿蔔素-亞麻油酸漂白-試驗以α-Tocopherol標準品優於SD精油及SFME精油。在美白試驗中，酪胺酸酶抑制能力的部分，以SFME精油優於SD精油。在四種成分比較方面上，則是citronellol效果較好，分別對E. coli、S. aureus、NO自由基清除能力、5-LOX抑制能力及DPPH自由基清除力。

Cymbopogon martinii belonging to the family Poaceae, belonging to the family Poaceae.Different extraction methods can affect the composition of essential oils, further affect the biological activity.Thus,this study extrated
essential oils from Cymbopogon martinii leaf by steam distillation (SD) and solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME) and evaluated anti-bacterial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and whitening characteristics of the oils.In addition,the effects of citronellal,citronellol,nerol and geraniol on the biological activity were compared.
The results showed that the main constituents of SFME oil were citronellal (36.14%), geraniol (17.04%), citronellol (10.38%);the main components of SD oil were citronellal (22.36%), nerol (20.66%), citronellol (13.03%) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
In the antibacterial test, antibacterial effect of SD essential oil was better than SFME essential oil against S. aureus.
In the anti-inflammatorry test, NO radical scavenging ability and 5-LOX inhibition test showed that SD essential oil was better than SFME essential oil.
In the antioxidant test scavenging DPPH free radicals results showed that SFME essential oil was better than SD essential oil.While β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching test showed that there was no significant difference between the two essential oil.
In the whitening test, tyrosine inhibition test showed that SFME essential oil was better than SD essential oil.

摘要..........................................................................................................................................Ⅰ
Abstract...................................................................................................................................Ⅱ
目錄........................................................................................................................................Ⅲ
圖目錄....................................................................................................................................Ⅴ
表目錄..................................................................................................................................Ⅶ
縮寫表.................................................................................................................................Ⅷ
第一章 前言..........................................................................................................................1
第二章 文獻回顧..................................................................................................................3
2.1 玫瑰草簡介.............................................................................................................3 2.1.1 植物型態介紹..............................................................................................................4
2.1.2 玫瑰草成分...............................................................................................4
2.1.3 藥理活性及應用.......................................................................................4
2.2 標準品簡介.............................................................................................................5
2.3 精油簡介.................................................................................................................7
2.3.1 精油成分...................................................................................................8
2.3.2 影響精油組成成分及含量的因素.......................................................10
2.3.3精油萃取方法..........................................................................................11
2.3.4 精油之抗菌性質....................................................................................14
2.3.5 精油之抗發炎性質................................................................................15
2.3.6 精油之抗氧化性質................................................................................17
2.3.7 精油之美白性質....................................................................................20
第三章 材料與方法...........................................................................................................21
3.1 植物來源...............................................................................................................21
3.2 實驗儀器與藥品..................................................................................................21
3.3 實驗方法...............................................................................................................24
3.3.1 精油萃取.................................................................................................24
3.3.2 精油產率計算.........................................................................................24
3.3.3 精油成分分析.........................................................................................25
3.3.4 抗菌活性試驗.........................................................................................26
3.3.5 抗發炎活性試驗....................................................................................30
3.3.6 抗氧化活性試驗....................................................................................34
3.3.7 美白活性試驗.........................................................................................38
3.4 主成份對精油活性之影響率.............................................................................39
3.5 統計分析...............................................................................................................40
第四章 結果與討論...........................................................................................................41
4.1 精油產率...............................................................................................................41
4.2 精油成分分析......................................................................................................41
4.3 精油之抑菌活性..................................................................................................60
4.3.1大腸桿菌E. coli之抑菌分析.................................................................61
4.3.2痤瘡桿菌P. acnes之抑菌分析..............................................................63
4.3.3金黃色葡萄球菌S. aureus之抑菌分析................................................65
4.3.4綠膿桿菌P. aeruginosa之抑菌分析.....................................................67
4.4 精油之抗發炎活性..............................................................................................70
4.4.1 NO (Nitric oxide)自由基清除能力之測定..........................................70
4.4.2 5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase;5-LOX)抑制能力之測定................72
4.5 精油之抗氧化活性..............................................................................................74
4.5.1 DPPH(α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除能力..................74
4.5.2 β-胡蘿蔔素-亞麻油酸(β-Carotene-linoleic acid)漂白試驗............. 76
4.6 精油之美白活性..................................................................................................79
4.6.1 抑制酪胺酸酶(Tyrosinase)之活性測定..............................................79
第五章 結論........................................................................................................................83
第六章 參考文獻................................................................................................................85

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