臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討醋酸纖維膜利用直接滲透技術(FO)應用於水回收之可行性探討。首先利用醋酸纖維素(CA)自行製備之平板膜，藉由電子顯微鏡(SEM)探討薄膜表面結構、表面粗糙度及量測接觸角探討薄膜表面之親疏水性。應用於直接滲透及壓力延遲滲透(PRO)技術試驗，利用氯化鈉(NaCl)溶液做為驅動液(Draw Solution)，以生活污水為進流液，探討兩系統之滲透量、鹽阻率及水回收效益之影響。
實驗操作變因如下(1)鑄膜液之不同醋酸纖維素濃度、(2)FO及PRO操作技術試驗之影響、(3) Draw Solution之濃度變化、(4) Feed Solution變化對不同濃度醋酸纖維膜之過濾效果。
結果顯示鑄膜液之高分子CA濃度12wt%，因薄膜孔洞較緻密導致通量較低，但鹽阻率較高且有助於以FO技術回收生活污水時，有效阻擋氨氮、COD、TOC、鈣、鎂、銅、及錳等金屬濃度，達到本次實驗之研究目的。

In this study prepared by different concentrations of cellulose acetate(CA) for the forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) process applies in the domestic sewage recovery technology. Membrane structure, pore size, and surface porosity characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Measuring hydrophilicity of membranes by contact angles. Using NaCl solution as the draw solution by conducting the batch FO and PRO process, the water flux and salt rejection for the prepared membrane were measured.
Experiments of filtration by forward osmosis system were conducted under various operating conditions including cellulose acetate concentration, draw solution concentration, and feed solution.
The results show that CA membrane is dense structure. Water flux achieved by the 12wt%CA membrane was much lower than 8wt%. 12wt%CA membrane had high salt rejection, and rejected NH4＋, COD, TOC, Ca2＋, Mg2＋,Mn2＋ and Cu2＋ of feed solution effective. NH4＋rejection higher then 99%.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
表目錄 IX
第一章、 前言 1
1-1、研究動機 1
1-2、研究目的 3
第二章、 文獻回顧 4
2-1、薄膜單元 4
2-1-1、薄膜定義 4
2-1-2、薄膜特性 4
2-1-3、薄膜結構 5
2-1-4、薄膜製備方法 9
2-1-5、薄膜過濾方式 12
2-1-6、薄膜程序之操作限制與清洗方法 13
2-1-7、表面接觸角原理 17
2-2、正滲透介紹 20
2-2-1、原理 20
2-2-2、FO與RO差異 21
2-2-3、FO與PRO差異 21
2-2-4、Draw Solution選擇 24
2-2-5、Draw Solution回收方法 24
2-2-6、正滲透積垢清洗 26
2-2-7、正滲透應用 27
2-3、醋酸纖維膜(Cellulose Acetate,CA) 28
2-4、生活污水處理技術 30
2-4-1、處理技術介紹 30
2-4-2、生活污水介紹 31
2-4-3、嘉南藥理大學生活污水處理 33
第三章、 實驗材料與方法 34
3-1、實驗藥品 34
3-1-1、薄膜配置與實驗藥品 34
3-1-2、靛酚比色法藥品 34
3-1-3、重鉻酸鉀迴流法藥品 35
3-2、實驗儀器與器材 35
3-2-1、表面接觸角測量儀（Contact Angle） 37
3-2-2、掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope , SEM) 38
3-2-3、感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀(ICP) 39
3-2-4、總有機碳分析儀(TOC) 41
3-3、水質檢驗方法 42
3-3-1、水中氨氮檢測方法－靛酚比色法 42
3-3-2、化學需氧量檢測方法－重鉻酸鉀迴流法 42
3-4、薄膜製備 43
3-4-1、CA鑄膜溶液配製 43
3-4-2、平板膜之製備 43
3-5、實驗模組介紹及實驗前準備 45
3-6、實驗方法 48
3-6-1、平板膜實驗步驟及實驗流程圖 48
第四章、 結果與討論 51
4-1、醋酸纖維膜濃度變化之膜結構探討 52
4-2、醋酸纖維膜表面親疏水性影響 55
4-3、CA濃度變化對FO/PRO系統之影響 58
4-4、Draw Solution鹽度變化對FO操作之影響 62
4-5、人工濕地生活污水以FO/PRO操作之結果 64
4-6、模擬含重金屬、氨氮污水之處理結果 83
4-6-1、氨氮生活污水處理結果 83
4-6-2、重金屬生活污水處理結果 88
第五章、 結論 93
5-1、醋酸纖維平板膜 93
參考文獻 95

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