本文提出斜角光纖光柵(Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating, TFBG)之聲光調變之研究。此設計架構是利用鋯鈦酸鉛材之 (Pb(ZrTi)O3) PZT並結合訊號產生器來產生聲波源，探討在斜角光纖光柵中的聲光調變現象。此結構是利用PZT產生的垂直聲波通過水平擺放的斜角光纖光柵時，會對光纖產生震動的現象，使光纖再產生一個移動式的長週期光柵並疊加在固定的短週期光纖光柵的效應，進而把原本被耦合至反向纖殼模態的光耦合至反向纖核模態，來觀察理論與實驗結果進行分析與比較。未來可將此現象應用於光纖光柵超聲波感測器上，達到可量測超聲波之目的。

In this thesis, the investigation of the acousto-optic modulation in a tilted fiber Bragg grating is proposed. This configuration in-cludes the use of lead zirconate titanate(Pb(ZrTi)O3, PZT) to achieve the source of acoustic waves in fiber gratings. The operating principle is that the vertical acoustic waves generated by PZT passes through a horizontal fiber grating to create a travelling long period grating on the optical fiber so that the optical fiber grating will superimpose the travelling long period grating to create the acousto-optic modulation for monitoring the coupling between the core mode and the cladding modes. The experimental results demonstrated the acousto-optic modulation in different tilting angles of FBGs with different coupling efficiencies. In the future, this phenomenon can be applied in the FBG vibration sensor to achieve the purpose of measuring the vibration signal.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 研究方法 2
第二章 光纖光學基本原理 4
2.1 光纖簡介 4
2.2 光纖光柵簡介 6
2.2.1 布拉格光纖光柵 6
2.2.2 布拉格光纖光柵理論分析 7
第三章 斜角光柵感測器 11
3.1 斜角光柵原理 11
3.2 斜角光纖中聲光調變理論分析[10] 12
3.3 斜角光纖光柵蝕刻 14
3.4 聲光調變實驗架構 16
第四章 聲光調變實驗 18
4.1 前言 18
4.2 1度斜角光纖光柵 18
4.2.1 頻率實驗 20
4.2.2 振幅實驗 23
4.2.3 小結 26
4.3 2度斜角光纖光柵 26
4.3.1 頻率實驗 28
4.3.2 振幅實驗 32
4.3.3 小結 34
4.4 3度斜角光纖光柵 35
4.4.1 頻率實驗 37
4.4.2 振幅實驗 40
4.4.3 小結 43
4.5 總結 43
第五章 結論與未來展望 45
5.1 結論 45
5.2 未來展望 46
參考文獻 47
 

[1]C. Guo, D. Chen, C. Shen, Y. Lu and H. Liu, “Optical incli-nometer based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating with a fused taper,” Optical Fiber Technology, Vol. 24, pp. 30-33, August 2015.
[2]W. Cui, J. Si, T. Chen and X. Hou, “Compact bending sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating in an abrupt biconical tper,” Optic Express, Vol. 23, pp.11031-11036, May 2015.
[3]C. A. F. Marques, N. J. Alberto, F. Domingues, C. Leitão, P. Antunes, J. L. Pinto and P. André, “Acoustic waves in tilted fiber Bragg gratings for sensing aplctions,” Optical Sensors 2017, Vol 10231, pp.5, May 2017.
[4]Y. Weng, X. Qiao, T. Guo, Member, M. Hu, Z. Feng, R. Wang, and J. Zhang, “A Robust and Compact Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensor for Seismic Measurement,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 12, No. 4, April 2011.
[5]Nan Qiuming and Zou Chengming, “Study on FBG Vibra-tion Sensor,” 2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO 2009), pp.1-4, August 2009.
[6]J. G. V. Teixeira, I. T. Leite, S. Silva and O. Frazão, “Ad-vanced Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensors,” Photoic Sensors, Vol. 4, pp. 198-208, May 2014.
[7]T. Li, C. Shi, Y. Tan, R. Li, Z. Zhou and H. Ren, “A Dia-phragm Type Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensor Based on Transverse Property of Optical Fiber With Temperature Com-pensation,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 17, pp.1021-1029, February 2017.
[8]X. Chen, F. Du, T. Guo, J. Lao, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Liu, J. Li, C. Chen and B. O. Guan, “Liquid Crystal-Embedded Tilted Fiber Grating Electric Field Intensity Sensor,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 35, pp. 3347-3353, August 2017.
[9]K.O. Hill and G. Meltz, “Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.15, pp.1263-1276, August 1997.
[10]I. Bennion, J. A. R. Williams, L. Zhang, K. Sugden, N. J. Doran, "Tutorial Review UV-written in-fiber Bragg grat-ings", Optical Quantum Electronics, Vol. 28, pp. 93-135, February 1996.
[11]K. O. Hill, B. Malo, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, J. Albert, "Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask", Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 62, pp. 1035-1037, January 1993.
[12]T. Erdogan, “Fiber grating spectra,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.15, pp.1277-1294, August 1997.
[13]A. M. Vengsarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkin, V. Bhatia, T. Erdogan and J. E. Sipe, “ Long-period fiber grating as band-rejection filter,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.14, pp.58-64, January 1996.
[14]J. Albert, L.Y. Shao and C. Caucheteur, “Tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol.7, pp.83-108, January 2013.
[15]A. Iadicicco, A. Cusano, A. Cutolo, R. Berninl and M. Giordano, “Thinned fiber Bragg gratings as high sensitivity re-fractive index sensor,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.16, pp.1149-1151, April 2004.
[16]R. E. Silva, M. Becker, A. Hartung, M. Rothhardt, A. A. P. Pohl and H. Bartelt, “Reflectivity and Bandwidth Modulation of Fiber Bragg Gratings in a Suspended Core Fiber by Tunable Acoustic Waves,” IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol.6, December 2014.
[17]R. A. Oliveira, J. Canning, K. Cook, M. Nashqbandi and A. A. P. Pohl, “Compact dip-style viscometer based on the acousto-optic effect in a long period fiber grating,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.157, pp.621-626, October 2011.
[18]C. A. F. Marques, R.A. Oliveira, A. A. P. Pohl, J. Canning and R. N. Nogueira, “Dynamic control of a phase-shifted FBG through acousto-optic modulation,” Optics Communication, Vol. 284, pp. 1228-1231, March 2011.
[19]T. C. Chen and M. Y. Fu, “Acoustic-Induced Tunable Wavelength in a Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 43, pp. L 200–L 202, January 2004.
[20]M. Y. Fu, “The Improvement of the Backward Cladding–Core Coupling in a Tilted Fiber Grating by Two Acoustic Flexural Waves,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, pp.2751-2756, September 2007.