臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

移動污染源中柴油車的廢氣排放造成空氣污染嚴重，而柴油車中令人詬病的污染物為NOx與PM(粒狀污染物)。我國環保署已針對於柴油車的排氣污染進行規範，而判定柴油車的污染排放的標準方法，目前皆由法規認證實驗室進行測試，這些數值是在動力計上模擬車輛在道路上的阻力進行，再進行污染法規測試行車型態並收集車輛的排放加以計算分析其該車的污染，但在實際道路上並非像實驗室裡的行車型態單純、平穩，其環境更加複雜嚴厲，污染排放也與實驗室有差異。
因此本文主要探討實車道路測試的排放特性，比較實際道路上與法規認證行車型態New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)及World Light vehicles Test Cycles(WLTP)的差異，探討道路及動力計上影響排放的因子，如速度，加速度，排氣量的分布等，以及在道路上的各種速度區間下的參數與排放關係，並且利用多台車輛測試數據，進行車輛行駛於市區、郊區、高速的污染排放研究，對此能使用實驗室測得數據加以推估實際道路排放趨勢，且研究車輛行駛何種路段產生污染最為嚴重。
本文依據現行歐盟6期輕型柴油車輛實際道路污染排放測試法規規範進行實驗測試，以可攜式車載量測系統量測實際道路的污染排放。測試結果顯示實際道路污染排放平均高於我國目前法規標準(180mg/km)的2.66倍。

The exhaust emissions generated by diesel vehicles have great impacts to local air pollution. The most damaging pollutants of diesel vehicles are nitrogen oxides(NOx) and particulate matter(PM). PM has been classified by WTO as a carcinogen, and nitrogen oxides are also classified as potentially carcinogenic. The emission of diesel vehicles has been regulated by EPA since 1987 in Taiwan. The emission standard at the present time is equivalent to EU 5. However, the emission test is carried out in a well controlled laboratory with a specified driving cycle. It has been criticized that the test does not reflect the real emissions on the road. The real road condition is much more complicated and harsh. The emission generated on the real road might be quite different from that in the laboratory. This paper presents the emission measurement of light diesel vehicles on real roads. A portable vehicle measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure the concentration of pollutants in the tailpipe. The instantaneous exhaust flow rate was also recorded with a pitot tube. The real emission was accumulated by integration of the measured concentration variations. Three different driving modes were arranged in each test, including urban, rural, and highway. Several light diesel vehicles that meet EU 5 and EU6 standard were tested. Results of test showed that highway mode has the highest emission rate while urban mode emits the least pollutants

目次
摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iii
表目次 iv
圖目次 v
符號說明 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的 6
第二章 研究方法 8
2.1 使用設備及儀器 8
2.2 數據處理模式 11
2.3 邊界條件 13
2.4 路線規劃設定 14
第三章 量測結果 17
3.1 負載與NOx排放關係 23
3.1.1 引擎負載與NOx關係 23
3.1.2 車輛行駛負載與NOx關係 26
3.2統計與分析 31
3.2.1 NOx排放統計與分析 31
3.2.2 CO排放統計與分析 38
第四章 氮氧化物排放量推估 40
4.1 排放量推估 40
4.2 分析方法 40
4.3 實驗車輛 40
4.4 參數分析建模 41
4.5 推估排放 51
第五章 結論與未來展望 62
5.1 結論 62
5.2 未來展望 63

參考文獻 64

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[2] CARSLAW 2011, ICCT ,2014
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