臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

工具機加工過程中，主軸的高速旋轉會產生大量的摩擦熱，此些熱量會使得主軸於運轉過程中產生熱偏移的狀況，從而對於加工工件的準確度產生很大的影響。因此，於運轉過程中所產生的熱量，必須透過冷卻系統即時將熱量由運轉中的主軸排除。
本論文中，我們針對工具機使用的直結式主軸做熱變位分析，並使用變流量系統，針對工具機加工過程所產生的熱量進行熱交換冷卻的動作，來達到熱誤差抑制的效果。
從散熱量實驗方面可以發現，變流量系統可隨著工具機加工時的負載狀態進行變流量應變，最多能帶走將近148.66 W的熱量，並做出更有效且立即性的熱抑制，降低熱變形量。
從熱變形量實驗方面可以發現，即使在短時間運轉進行變轉速負載的情況下，變流量系統仍可的有效將Y軸熱變形量降低70.1 %、Z軸向熱變形量降低72 %。
本文中亦針對工具機主軸長時間運轉進行變轉速負載的實驗來進一步驗證其冷卻降低熱變形的效能。其中Y軸向熱變形量降低37.5 %、Z軸向熱變形量降低59 %。

另外，我們亦使用變流量系統來針對工具機主軸進行快速暖機之實驗，在主軸以8000 rpm運轉的情況下，Y軸向時間可縮短28.6 %，主要Z軸向部分甚至可縮短將近60 % 的時間，而三軸向同時達到穩態所需時間可縮短將近50 % 的時間。

During the machining of the tool, the high-speed rotation of the spindle generates a large amount of frictional heat, which causes the spindle to generate a thermal offset during operation, which has a great influence on the accuracy of the workpiece. Therefore, the heat generated during operation must be immediately removed from the running spindle by the cooling system.
In this paper, we perform thermal displacement analysis on the straight-through spindle used in the machine tool, and use the variable flow system to perform the heat exchange cooling action on the heat generated by the tool machining process to achieve the thermal error suppression effect.
From the heat dissipation experiment, it can be found that the variable flow system can change the flow strain with the load state during tool machining, and can take up nearly 148.66 W of heat, and make more effective and immediate thermal suppression, reduce heat. The amount of deformation.
From the experimental results of the thermal deformation amount, it can be found that the variable flow system can effectively reduce the Y-axis thermal deformation amount by 70.1% and the Z-axis thermal deformation amount by 72% even in the case of a variable-speed load operation for a short period of time.
In this paper, the experiment of variable speed load for the long-term operation of the machine tool spindle is also carried out to further verify the effectiveness of cooling to reduce thermal deformation. The Y-axis thermal deformation is reduced by 37.5%, and the Z-axis thermal deformation is reduced by 59%.
In addition, we also use variable flow system to carry out rapid warm-up experiments on the machine tool spindle. In the case of the spindle moving at 8000 rpm, the Y-axis time can be shortened by 28.6%, while the main Z-axis part can be shortened by nearly 60. %time. The time required for the three axes to reach the steady state simultaneously can be reduced by nearly 50% of the time.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2文獻回顧 2
1-3研究動機與目的 9
第二章 實驗基礎與理論 11
2-1 PID控制器基本原理 11
2-2熱變形計算 14
2-2-1線膨脹 14
2-2-2面膨脹 15
2-2-3體膨脹 16
第三章 設備建構與熱變形量測實驗 17
3-1工具機主軸 17
3-1-1實驗機台與直結式主軸 18
3-2 PID控制搭配變流量冷卻系統 20
3-2-1變流量控制 22
3-3冷卻油溫控制說明 26
3-3-1加工溫度點設定 27
3-3-2回油溫度控制 28
3-4實驗規範 29
3-5量測儀器 32
第四章 結果與分析 35
4-1流量與溫差分析 35
4-2散熱量實驗結果 38
4-3短時間下變形量實驗結果 42
4-4長時間下變形量實驗量測結果 49
4-5暖機變形量實驗量測結果 56
4-6暖機穩態分析 63
第五章 結論 65
參考文獻 67

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