臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研 究 目 的 : 探討大專一級男子籃球員經八周週期化肌力訓練後,對肌肉結 構和垂直跳表現之影響。研究方法:受試者為國立體育大學一級男子籃球隊 14 位球員(身高=184.7 ± 5.6 公分;體重= 80.4 ± 9.6 公斤),皆有一年以上規律阻力 訓練經驗。8 周肌力訓練分成 2 個週期,一至四周為肌耐力期,五至八周為肌力 與爆發力期,前四周訓練頻率為一周 4 次,進行 4 組 10 下,後四周訓練頻率為 3 次,進行 3 組 5 下;整個實驗將進行 3 次測驗,分別為訓練前(第 0 周),訓 練中 (第 5 周) 與訓練後(第 9 周);反向跳 (Countermovement jump, CMJ) 與蹲踞跳 (Squat jump, SJ) 測驗在測力板上進行,收取力量時間曲線,並分析收 縮時間 (Contraction time, CT)、峰值力量 (Peak force, PF)、到達峰值力量時間 (Time to peak force, TtPF)以及峰值力量發力率 (Peak force rate of development, PRFD) 等;肌肉結構利用肌肉超音波執行雙腳量測,三條分析肌肉為:股外側 肌(Vastus lateralis, VL)、股內測肌 (Vastus medialis, VM)和外側腓腸肌 (Lateral gastrocnemius, LG),肌肉結構參數包含肌肉厚度 (Muscle thickness, MT)、羽狀角 度 (Pannation angle, PA) 和肌束長度 (Fascile Length, FL)。統計方法:以單因子 重覆量數變異數分析,分析訓練前、中、後垂直跳表現和肌肉結構之變化。以 Z 分數標準化所有變項,再進行最小有效變化 (Smallest worthwhile change, SWC) 之統計分析。結 果:前中測比較,雙腳 VL 與右腳 VM 的 MT 達顯著增加 (p < .05), CMJ-CT、CMJ-PF 和 SJ-PF 顯著增加(p < .05);中後測比較,雙腳三條肌肉的 PA 皆提升,然而,只有左腳 GL 達顯著的提升(p < .05); TtPF 減少且達顯著水 準(p < .05),同時 PRFD 和 PP 皆顯著增加(p < .05)。結論:研究結果發現不 同訓練內容,將造成肌肉結構的變化,進而影響垂直跳表現;肌耐力期訓練後肌肉厚度增加,且提升垂直跳峰值力量,最大肌力與爆發力期訓練後羽狀角度增加, 且提升峰值力量發力率,未來安排肌力訓練時,可以考量肌肉結構的適應。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of
periodization strength training on muscle structure, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods: Fourteen male collegiate basketball players (height = 184.7 ± 5.6cm;body mass = 80.4 ± 9.6kg) with minimal one year strength training experience were recruited in this study. Eight weeks periodization strength training program was divided into two phases, 1 to 4 weeks as muscle endurance phase (4×10, 4 times/week), 5 to 8 weeks (3×5, 3 times/week) as strength and power phase. Pre- (week 0), mid- (week 5), and post- (week 9) tests were held. SJs and CMJs were measured on a force platform, force-time curve were collected for further analysis;Using ultrasonography, vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle thickness (MT) pennation angle (PA) and fascicle length (FL), and Achilles tendon (AT) thickness and length were measured. Statistical Analysis: VJs variables at 3 measured points were analyzed by using one-way repeated ANOVA. Z score were used for the smallest worthwhile change (SWC). Result: From pre- to mid- test, VL-MT of both legs and VM of the right leg was significantly increased (p < .05). Contraction time of CMJ and peak force of both jumps were significantly increased (p < .05); From mid- to post- test, pannation angle cross 3 muscles having a worthwhile difference in the standardized z-scores, however, only the left leg LG significantly improved (p < .05).Time to peak force and peak power output from both jumps were significantly increased (p < .05), and peak power and peak force RFD are significantly increased (p< .05).Conclusion: The results show that different strength training contents will directly lead to changes in muscle structures, and affect the vertical jumping performance. Muscle thickness after muscle endurance training increased, therefore, enhanced the PF from CMJ and SJ. Strength and power training increased the PA, rate of force development (RFD) from CMJ and SJ improved significantly.

目錄
第一章 緒論............................................................................................................1
第一節 前言...........................................................................................1
第二節 研究目的..................................................................................4
第三節 研究假設...................................................................................4
第二章 文獻探討..............................................................................................5
第一節 週期化肌力訓練對於籃球專項之影響...........................................5
第二節 肌肉結構介紹.........................................................................10
第三節 訓練後肌肉結構的適應.........................................................13
第四節 肌肉結構變化對於垂直跳表現影響.....................................15
第五節 文獻總結.................................................................................17
第三章 研究方法............................................................................................18
第一節 實驗對象.................................................................................18
第二節 實驗器材與設備.....................................................................19
第三節 實驗流程.................................................................................22
第四節 統計分析.................................................................................30
第四章 結果與討論.....................................................................................31
第一節 結果.........................................................................................31
第二節 討論.........................................................................................36
第五章 結論與建議.....................................................................................39
參考文獻 .....................................................................................................................40
圖目錄
圖 3.1 Kistler Type 9260AA 測力板..................................................... 19
圖 3.2 Kistler Type 5695B 類比訊號轉換盒 .........................................20
圖 3.3 Bioware 分析軟體 ........................................................................20
圖 3.4 國立體育大學肌力與體能訓練場..............................................20
圖 3.5 Philips Sparq 肌肉超音波 ...........................................................21
圖 3.6 8 周週期化肌力訓練實驗流程圖................................................23
圖 3.7 使用力板進行反向跳測驗..........................................................24
圖 3.8 使用力板進行蹲踞跳測驗..........................................................25
圖 3.9 騰空時間判斷方法......................................................................26
圖 3.10 峰值力量判斷方法....................................................................26
圖 3.11 使用肌肉超音波測量肌肉結構................................................27
圖 4.1 前、中、後測肌肉厚度、羽狀角度和肌束長度之變化...........33
表目錄
表 3.1 一至四周訓練動作...........................................................................................28
表 3.2 五至八周訓練動作.........................................................................................29
表 4.1 兩種垂直跳在前、中、後三次測驗之變化........................................34
表 4.2 三次測驗肌肉結構之變化 .......................................................................... 35

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