臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究中利用摻雜浴銅靈(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bathocuproine, BCP)於富勒烯衍生物( [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, PC61BM)中，成功提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池元件光電轉換效率。經由BCP的摻雜能減少電子傳輸層(Electron Transport Layer, ETL)薄膜缺陷及降低載子再結合的機率，進而提高元件之開路電壓，而短路電流和填充因子的提升則來自於較佳的界面相容性，當摻雜0.5wt% BCP於PC61BM作為電子傳輸層時，元件效率可達14.3%，相較於未摻雜時有52%的提升率。
我們以ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/PC61BM:BCP/Ag作為元件結構主體，使用國家同步輻射研究中心(NSRRC)之低掠角小角度X光散射(GISAXS)進行電子傳輸層團簇大小研究，輔以原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、光激發螢光光譜儀(PL)、紫外光-可見光光譜(UV-vis)等儀器，用以探討影響鈣鈦礦太陽能電池元件轉換效率的成因。

In this study, we doped different amounts of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathocuproine, BCP) in [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) and successfully improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite photovoltaic device. With the incorporation of BCP, we found that it can not only ameliorate the film formation property of PCBM and the interfacial contact but facilitate the charge transport and separation at the interface through effectively passivating the surface trap states of perovskite as well. These physical, optical, morphological, and electronic improvements result in higher open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). Therefore, the PCE is improved from 9.4% to 14.3%.
The planar-heterojunction structure of the photovoltaic devices having the confugutation ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/PC61BM:BCP/Ag. In order to systematically investigate the effect of BCP doping, we use a combination of characterizations, including grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). We can understand that, as a result, this approach of incorporating small molecule into a fullerene allowed us to effectively tune the morphology of the ETL on the perovskite active layer and resulted in enhanced device efficiency.

目 錄
摘 要…………………………………………………………………i
Abstract………………………………………………………………ii
誌 謝………………………………………………………………..iii
目 錄………………………………………………………………..iv
圖目錄……………………………………………………………....viii
表目錄………………………………………………………………...x
第一章 緒論
1.1 前言……………………………………………………………….1
1.2 太陽能電池簡介………………………………………………….3
1.2.1矽晶太陽能電池……………………………………………………...3
1.2.2無機化合物半導體太陽能電池……………………………………...3
1.2.3染料敏化太陽能電池………………………………………………...4
1.2.4有機半導體太陽能電池……………………………………………...5
1.2.5鈣鈦礦太陽能電池…………………………………………………...5
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第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧
2.1鈣鈦礦光伏元件簡介與原理…………………………………….9
2.1.1鈣鈦礦光子-電子轉換機制…………………………………………11
(1)吸收光能產生激子………………………………………………..13
(2)激子擴散…………………..………………………………………13
(3)電荷分離…………………...……………………………………...14
(4)電荷傳輸及收集…………………………………………………..14
2.1.2元件轉換效率重要參數…………………………………………….14
(1)開路電壓…………………………………………………………..15
(2)短路電流…………………………………………………………..16
(3)填充因子…………………………………………………………..16
(4)能量轉換效率……………………………………………………..17
(5)外部量子轉換效率………………………………………………..18
2.2鈣鈦礦太陽能電池結構與薄膜發展…………………………...19
2.2.1介觀鈣鈦礦太陽能電池……………….……………………………19
2.2.2正式平面異質(n-i-p)鈣鈦礦太陽能電池…………………………...20
2.2.3反式平面異質(p-i-n)鈣鈦礦太陽能電池…………………………...21
2.3同步輻射光源………………………………………………...…23
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第三章 實驗步驟與儀器量測
3.1研究動機………………………………………………………...25
3.2實驗藥品………………………………………………………...27
3.3元件製作……………………………………………………..….27
3.3.1氧化銦錫(ITO)玻璃基板之製備…………………………………....27
3.3.2有機電洞傳導層製備……………………………….……………....28
3.3.3鈣鈦礦層製備……………………………………………………….28
3.3.4電子傳輸層製備…………………………………………………….28
3.3.5電極蒸鍍與元件量測……………………………………………….28
3.4實驗儀器與分析………………………………………………...29
3.4.1元件效率量測…………..……………………………….…………..29
3.4.2低掠角小角度X光散射…………...……………………………….29
3.4.3原子力顯微鏡……………………………………………………….29
3.4.4掃描式電子顯微鏡………………………………………………….30
3.4.5光激發螢光光譜儀……………………………….…………………30
3.4.6紫外光-可見光光譜…………….……..……………….……………30
3.4.7外部量子效率……………………………………………………….30
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第四章 實驗結果與討論
4.1元件結構………………………………………………………...31
4.2元件效率分析……...……………………….…………………...32
4.3外部量子效率分析…………………………………………...…33
4.4薄膜微結構分析…………………………………………….......34
4.4.1低掠角小角度X光散射分析………………………………...…….34
4.4.2原子力顯微鏡分析……………..…………………………….……..37
4.4.3掃描式電子顯微鏡分析……………………………………….……39
4.5薄膜光學性質分析………………………………………..…….40
4.4.1光激發螢光光譜儀分析…………………………………………….40
4.4.2紫外-可見光吸收光譜分析………………………….…………..….41
第五章 結論.......................................................................................43
第六章 參考文獻……………………………………….……….44

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